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Received March 22, 2018
Accepted July 18, 2018
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Preparation and characterization of a novel calcium-conducting polymer inclusion membrane: Part I
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran 2Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Gas (Gachsaran), Yasouj University, Gachsaran 75813-56001, Iran 3Material and Nuclear Fuel Research School (MNFRS), Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran 14399-51113, Iran
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, October 2018, 35(10), 2052-2064(13), 10.1007/s11814-018-0119-4
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Abstract
The preparation and characterization of a novel type of castor oil-based polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) was investigated, focusing on its flux and selective recovery of Ca2+ over competitive ions such as K+, Na+, and Mg2+. The PIM contains a cross-linked high-molecular-weight green polyol (GPO) as a polymer base, benzene-18- crown-6 as a carrier, and an ionic liquid called 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as a plasticizer. GPO was first synthesized by a reaction between an epoxidized castor oil and a cellulose acetate, thereafter, cross-linked by isophorene isocyanate. The base polymer and the prepared PIM were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR results indicate that oxirane groups in the epoxidized castor oil molecules reacted with the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose acetate chains. The contact angle measurement hints at the hydrophobic characteristics of the prepared membrane. Compared to the PVC-, CA-, and PVDF-based polymer inclusion membrane, the cured GPO-based PIM, showed higher selectivity and flux of calcium ions with thesame composition. The greater stability and significantly higher surface roughness are further favorable features of the novel PIM.
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Ershad M, Almeida MIGS, Spassov TG, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD, Sep. Purif. Technol., 195, 446 (2018)
Wang D, Cattrall RW, Li J, Almeida MIGS, Stevens GW, Kolev SD, J. Membr. Sci., 542, 272 (2017)
Mahanty B, Mohapatra P, Raut D, Das D, Behere P, Afzal M, Verboom W, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 4, 1826 (2016)
Casadella A, Schaetzle O, Loos K, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 37(10), 858 (2016)
Shaaban A, Azab M, Mahmoud A, Khalil A, Metwally A, Desalin. Water Treat., 70, 190 (2017)
Jayawardane BM, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD, Anal. Chim. Acta, 803, 106 (2013)
Kozlowskia CA, Kozlowskia J, Pellowski W, Desalination, 321, 119 (2013)
Suah FBM, Ahmad M, Heng LY, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 144, 81 (2015)
Perez-Silva I, Galan-Vidal CA, Ramirez-Silva MT, Rodriguez JA, Alvarez-Romero GA, Paez-Hernandez ME, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(13), 4919 (2013)
Arena G, Contino A, Magri A, Sciotto D, Lamb J, Supramol. Chem., 10, 5 (1998)
Almeida MIG, Chan C, Pettigrove VJ, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD, Environ. Pollut., 193, 233 (2014)
Witt K, Radzyminska-Lenarcik E, Kosciuszko A, Gierszewska M, Ziuziakowski K, Polymers, 10, 134 (2018)
Almeida MIGS, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD, J. Membr. Sci., 415, 9 (2012)
Nagul EA, Fontas C, McKelvie ID, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD, Anal. Chim. Acta, 803, 82 (2013)
Ohshima T, Kagaya S, Gemmei-Ide M, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD, Talanta, 129, 564 (2014)
Pospiech B, Sep. Sci. Technol., 49(11), 1706 (2014)
Chaudhury S, Bhattacharyya A, Goswami A, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 12994 (2014)
Suah FBM, Ahmad M, Heng LY, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 201, 490 (2014)
Pospiech B, J. Solution Chem., 44, 2431 (2015)
Tomas-Alonso F, Rubio AM, Alvarez R, Ortuno JA, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, 4955 (2013)
Pospiech B, Physicochem. Probl. Mi., 51, 281 (2015)
Kaya A, Onac C, Alpoguz HK, Yilmaz A, Atar N, Chem. Eng. J., 283, 141 (2016)
Malm CJ, Tanghe L, Laird BC, Smith GD, Anal. Chem., 26, 188 (1954)
O’Bryan Y, Cattrall RW, Truong YB, Kyratzis IL, Kolev SD, J. Membr. Sci., 510, 488 (2016)
Almeida MIG, Silva AM, Coleman RA, Pettigrove VJ, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 408, 3213 (2016)
Bonggotgetsakul YYN, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD, J. Membr. Sci., 514, 274 (2016)
Zawierucha I, Kozlowski C, Malina G, Waste Manage., 33, 2129 (2013)
Pospiech B, Physicochem. Probl. Mi., 49, 641 (2013)
Gherasim CV, Bourceanu G, Chem. Eng. J., 220, 24 (2013)
Zawierucha I, Kozlowski C, Malina G, Waste Manage., 33, 2129 (2013)
Abdul-Halim NS, Whitten PG, Nghiem LD, Sep. Purif. Technol., 119, 14 (2013)
Guo L, Liu YH, Zhang C, Chen J, J. Membr. Sci., 372(1-2), 314 (2011)
