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Received June 26, 2018
Accepted August 23, 2018
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Removal characteristics of chromium by activated carbon/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite and Phoenix dactylifera stone carbon
Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, Iran 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Mobaraki Street, 7518759577 Bushehr, Iran
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, November 2018, 35(11), 2207-2219(13), 10.1007/s11814-018-0145-2
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Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from Phoenix dactylifera stones and then modified by CoFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposite for use as a Cr(VI) adsorbent. Both AC/CoFe2O4 composite and AC were fully characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, TEM, TGA, and VSM techniques. Based on the surface analyses, the addition of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles had a significant effect on the thermal stability and crystalline structure of AC. Factors affecting chromium removal efficiency like pH, dosage, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(VI) concentration were investigated. The best pH was found 2 and 3 for Cr adsorption by AC and AC/CoFe2O4 composite, respectively. The presence of ion sulfate had a greater effect on the chromium sorption efficiency than nitrate and chlorine ions. The results illustrated that both adsorbents can be used up to seven times to adsorb chromium. The adsorption process was examined by three isothermal models, and Freundlich was chosen as the best one. The experimental data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The half-life (t1/2) of hexavalent chromium using AC and AC/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite was obtained as 5.18 min and 1.52 min, respectively. Cr(VI) adsorption by AC and AC/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite was spontaneous and exothermic. In general, our study showed that the composition of CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles with AC can increase the adsorption capacity of AC from 36mg/L to 70mg/L.
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Basaldella EI, Vazquez PG, Iucolano F, Caputo D, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 313(2), 574 (2007)
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Yu WT, Zhang LY, Wang HY, Chai LY, J. Hazard. Mater., 260, 789 (2013)
Wang W, Chemosphere, 190, 97 (2018)
Enniya I, Rghioui L, Jourani A, Sustain Chem. Pharm., 7, 9 (2018)
Norouzi S, Heidari M, Alipour V, Rahmanian O, Fazlzadeh M, Mohammadi-Moghadam F, Nourmoradi H, Goudarzi B, Dindarloo K, Bioresour. Technol., 258, 48 (2018)
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Lopez-Lopez MT, Duran JDG, Delgado A, Gonzalez-Caballero F, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 291(1), 144 (2005)
Fu R, Liu Y, Lou Z, Wang Z, Baig SA, Xu X, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 62, 247 (2016)
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Ding Z, Wang W, Zhang Y, Li F, Liu JP, J. Alloy. Compd., 640, 362 (2015)
Langmuir I, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361 (1918)
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Fatehi MH, Shayegan J, Zabihi M, Goodarznia I, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5, 1454 (2017)
Freundlich H, Phys. Chem., 57, 385 (1907)
Ramavandi B, Rahbar A, Sahebi S, Desal. Water Treat., 57, 23814 (2016)
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Rangabhashiyam S, Selvaraju N, J. Mol. Liq., 207, 39 (2015)
Marjanovic V, Lazarevic S, Jankovic-Castvan I, Jokic B, Janackovic D, Petrovic R, Appl. Clay Sci., 80, 202 (2013)
Rajput S, Pittman CU, Mohan D, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 468, 334 (2016)
Maleki A, Hayati B, Naghizadeh M, Joo SW, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 28, 211 (2015)
Xiao YZ, Liang HF, Wang ZC, Mater. Res. Bull., 48(10), 3910 (2013)
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Liu M, Wen T, Wu X, Chen C, Hu J, Li J, Wang X, Dalton Trans., 42, 14710 (2013)
Zhang X, Lv L, Qin YZ, Xu M, Jia XB, Chen ZH, Bioresour. Technol., 256, 1 (2018)
Uslu H, Datta D, Azizian S, J. Mol. Liq., 215, 449 (2016)
Aid A, Amokrane S, Nibou D, Mekatel E, Trari M, Hulea V, Water Sci. Technol., 77, 60 (2018)
Rathnayake SI, Martens WN, Xi YF, Frost RL, Ayoko GA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 490, 163 (2017)
Abu-Zurayk RA, Al Bakain RZ, Hamadneh I, Al-Dujaili AH, Int. J. Miner. Process., 140, 79 (2015)
Kumar R, Kim SJ, Kim KH, Lee SH, Park HS, Jeon BH, Appl. Geochem., 88, 113 (2018)
Maneechakr P, Karnjanakom S, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 106, 104 (2017)
Yang J, Yu M, Chen W, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 21, 414 (2015)
