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Received October 9, 2017
Accepted December 1, 2017
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Comparison of electrocoagulation, peroxi-electrocoagulation and peroxi-coagulation processes for treatment of simulated purified terephthalic acid wastewater: Optimization, sludge and kinetic analysis
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
vksandhwar@gmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, April 2018, 35(4), 909-921(13), 10.1007/s11814-017-0336-2
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Abstract
This study mainly focuses on a comparative study of electrocoagulation (EC), peroxi-electrocoagulation (PEC) and peroxi-coagulation (PC) processes for the treatment of aqueous solution containing major toxic components of purified terephthalic acid wastewater: benzoic acid (BA), terephthalic acid (TPA), para-toluic acid (p-TA) and phthalic acid (PA). The solution was initially treated by acid treatment method at various pH (2-4) and temperature (15-60 °C). The supernatant was further remediated by EC, PEC and PC methods independently. Process variables such as pH (4-12) and pH (1-5), current density (45.72-228.60 A/m2), electrolyte concentration (0.04-0.08mol/L), electrode gap (1-3 cm), H2O2 concentration (600-1,000mg/L) and reaction time (20-100 min) during EC, PEC and PC treatment were effectively optimized through central composite design under Design Expert software. Maximum COD removal of 60.76%, 73.91%, 66.68% with energy consumption (kWh/kg COD removed) of 95.81, 49.58, 69.26 was obtained by EC, PEC and PC treatments, respectively, at optimum conditions. Electrochemical methods were compared by removal capacities, consumption of energy, operating cost, degradation kinetics and sludge characteristics. PEC treatment was found most effective among EC, PEC and PC processes due to its highest removal capacity and lowest energy consumption features.
Keywords
References
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Cheng SS, Ho CY, Wu JH, Water Sci. Technol., 36, 73 (1997)
Kleerebezem R, Mortier J, Pol LWH, Lettinga G, Water Sci. Technol., 36, 237 (1997)
Meyer RB, Fischbein A, Rosenman K, Lerman Y, Drayer DE, Reidenberg MM, Am. J. Med., 76, 989 (1984)
Cui L. Shi Y, Dai G, Pan H, Chen J, Song L, Wang S, Chang HC, Sheng H, Wang X, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmcol., 210, 24 (2006)
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Kushwaha JP, Srivastava VC, Mall ID, Sep. Purif. Technol., 76(2), 198 (2010)
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Garg KK, Prasad B, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 3, 1731 (2015)
Mahesh S, Garg KK, Srivastava VC, Mishra IM, Prasad B, Mall ID, RSC Adv., 6, 16223 (2016)
Duan J, Gregory J, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 100, 475 (2003)
Canizares P, Martinez F, Jimenez C, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45(26), 8749 (2006)
Chen GH, Sep. Purif. Technol., 38(1), 11 (2004)
Ting WP, Lu MC, Huang YH, J. Hazard. Mater., 156(1-3), 421 (2008)
Brillas E, Sires I, Oturan MA, Chemical Reviews, 109, 6570 (2009)
Sires I, Brillas E, Environment International, 40, 212 (2012)
Sengil IA, Ozacar M, J. Hazard. Mater., 137(2), 1197 (2006)
Kurt U, Apaydin O, Gonullu MT, J. Hazard. Mater, 413, 33 (2007)
Losito I, Amorisco A, Palmisano F, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 79(3), 224 (2008)
Badellino C, Rodrigues CA, Bertazzoli R, J. Hazard. Mater., 137(2), 856 (2006)
Zhang H, Fei CZ, Zhang DB, Tang F, J. Hazard. Mater., 145(1-2), 227 (2007)
Zhang H, Zhang DB, Zhou JY, J. Hazard. Mater., 135(1-3), 106 (2006)
Neyens E, Baeyens J, J. Hazard. Mater., 98(1-3), 33 (2003)
Ma J, Song W, Chen C, Ma W, Zhao J, Tang Y, Environ. Sci. Technol., 395, 5810 (2005)
Verma S, Prasad B, Mishra IM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50(9), 5352 (2011)
Marashi SKF, Kariminia HR, Savizi ISP, Biotechnol. Lett., 35(2), 197 (2013)
Anand MV, Srivastava VC, Singh S, Bhatnagar R, Mall ID, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 45, 908 (2014)
Sandhwar VK, Prasad B, Process Saf. Environ. Protect., 107, 269 (2017)
Garg KK, Prasad B, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 3, 1731 (2015)
Sandhwar VK, Prasad B, J. Environ. Manage., 203, 476 (2017)
APHA (American Public Health Association), AWWA (American Water Works Association), WPCF (Water Pollution Control Federation), APHA, Washington DC, U.S.A. (1995).
Thiruvenkatachari R, Kwon TO, Moon IS, J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 41, 1685 (2006)
Sandhwar VK, Prasad B, Water Conserv. Sci. Eng., 1, 257 (2017)
Garg KK, Prasad B, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 56, 122 (2015)
Sandhwar VK, Prasad B, J. Mol. Liq., 243, 519 (2017)
Park TJ, Lim JS, Lee YW, Kim SH, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 26(3), 201 (2003)
Sandhwar VK, Prasad B, Journal of Water Process Engineering, DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.03.006.
Garg KK, Prasad B, Srivastava VC, Sep. Purif. Technol., 128, 80 (2014)
Thamer BJ, Voigt AF, J. Phys. Chem., 56, 225 (1952)
Verma S, Prasad B, Mishra IM, J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste., 18, 040140 (2014)
Farhadi S, Aminzadeh B, Torabian A, Khatibikamal V, Fard MA, J. Hazard. Mater., 219, 35 (2012)
Can OT, Bayramoglu M, Kobya M, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42(14), 3391 (2003)
Kallel M, Belaid C, Boussahel R, Ksibi M, Montiel A, Elleuch B, J. Hazard. Mater., 163(2-3), 550 (2009)
Watts RJ, Foget MK, Kong SH, Teel AL, J. Hazard. Mater., 69, 229 (1999)
Nidheesh PV, Gandhimathi R, Desalination, 299, 1 (2012)
Maljaei A, Arami M, Mahmoodi NM, Desalination, 249(3), 1074 (2009)
Raju GB, Karuppiah MT, Latha SS, Parvathy S, Prabhakar S, Chem. Eng. J., 144(1), 51 (2008)
Phalakornkule C, Polgumhang S, Tongdaung W, Karakat B, Nuyut T, J. Environ. Manage., 91, 918 (2010)
Mameri N, Yeddou AR, Lounici H, Belhocine D, Grib H, Bariou B, Wat. Res., 32, 1604 (1998)
Modirshahla N, Behnajady MA, Mohammadi-Aghdam S, J. Hazard. Mater., 154(1-3), 778 (2008)
Azama M, Bahram M, Nouri S, Naseri A, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 77, 235 (2012)
Lee H, Shoda M, J. Hazard. Mater., 153(3), 1314 (2008)
Badawy MI, Ali MEM, J. Hazard. Mater., 136(3), 961 (2006)
Joglekar AM, May AT, Cereal Food World, 32, 857 (1987)
Maran JP, Manikandan S, Dyes Pigments, 95, 465 (2012)
Maran JP, Manikandan S, Priya B, J. Food Sci. Technol., 51, 92 (2015)
Khuri AI, Cornell JA, Marcel Dekker, New York, 152 (1996).
Khataee AR, Zarei M, Moradkhannejhad L, Desalination, 258(1-3), 112 (2010)
Verma S, Dutta RK, RSC Adv., 5, 77192 (2015)
Verma S, Dutta RK, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5, 4776 (2017)
Verma S, Dutta RK, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5, 4547 (2017)
Chauhan R, Srivastava VC, Hiwarkar AD, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 69, 106 (2016)
Goyal A, Srivastava VC, Chem. Eng. J., 325, 289 (2017)
