In the past decades, gas separation using polymeric membranes has received considerable attention and become one of the fastest growing research areas. However, existing polymeric membranes may not be able to keep up with the increasing separation needs for challenging gas mixtures such as N2/CH4 and light olefin/paraffin pairs on industrial scale due to their so-called permeability-selectivity bound. On the other hand, scaling-up issues poise huge challenges for highly permeable and highly selective inorganic membranes. Mixed-matrix membranes, composite membranes, provide an evolutionary solution to debottleneck the permeability-selectivity and scale-up issues currently faced by polymeric and inorganic membranes, respectively. Inorganic fillers in mixed-matrix membranes improve gas permeability and/or selectivity, outperforming polymeric membranes. Combined with relatively economical and simple scaling-up compared to inorganic membranes, mixed-matrix membranes could potentially be a next-generation membrane concept for gas separation applications. This review provides a brief summary on the recent progress in both flat sheet and hollow fiber mixed-matrix membranes with an emphasis on those made over the last five years. A separate section is dedicated to discussing engineering challenges transitioning from laboratory-scale to large-scale synthesis of mixed-matrix membranes. Finally, future prospects and perspectives in mixed-matrix membranes research are briefly outlined.

Metal-organic Frameworks Zeolites Membranes Mixed-matrix Membranes Gas Separation

Sholl DS, Lively RP, Nature, 532(7600), 435 (2016)
Smith AR, Klosek J, Fuel Process. Technol., 70(2), 115 (2001)
Faiz R, Li K, Desalination, 287, 82 (2012)
Ockwig NW, Nenoff TM, Chem. Rev., 107(10), 4078 (2007)
Hinchliffe AB, Porter KE, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 78(2), 255 (2000)
Council NR, Separation technologies for the industries of the future, National Academies Press (1999).
Eldridge RB, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, 2208 (1993)
Efficiency USDOEOOE, Energy R, Scientific USDOEOO, Information T, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (2005).
Ho W, Sirkar K, Membrane handbook, Springer Science & Business Media (2012).
Ravanchi MT, Kaghazchi T, Kargari A, Desalination, 235(1-3), 199 (2009)
Meindersma GW, Kuczynski M, J. Membr. Sci., 113(2), 285 (1996)
Galizia M, Chi WS, Smith ZP, Merkel TC, Baker RW, Freeman BD, Macromolecules, 50(20), 7809 (2017)
Carreon MA, Li SG, Falconer JL, Noble RD, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130(16), 5412 (2008)
Jeon MY, Kim D, Kumar P, Lee PS, Rangnekar N, Bai P, Shete M, Elyassi B, Lee HS, Narasimharao K, Basahel SN, Al-Thabaiti S, Xu WQ, Cho HJ, Fetisov EO, Thyagarajan R, DeJaco RF, Fan W, Mkhoyan KA, Siepmann JI, Tsapatsis M, Nature, 543(7647), 690 (2017)
Koros WJ, Mahajan R, J. Membr. Sci., 175(2), 181 (2000)
Nandi B, Uppaluri R, Purkait M, Appl. Clay Sci., 42, 102 (2008)
Hopkins S, High-performance palladium based membrane for hydrogen separation and purification, Pall Corporation (2012).
Goh PS, Ismail AF, Sanip SM, Ng BC, Aziz M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 81(3), 243 (2011)
Bastani D, Esmaeili N, Asadollahi M, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(2), 375 (2013)
Dong G, Li H, Chen V, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 4610 (2013)
Jusoh N, Yeong YF, Chew TL, Lau KK, Shariff AM, Sep. Purif. Rev., 45, 321 (2016)
Chung TS, Jiang LY, Li Y, Kulprathipanja S, Prog. Polym. Sci, 32, 483 (2007)
Dechnik J, Gascon J, Doonan C, Janiak C, Sumby CJ, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 56, 9292 (2017)
Jeazet HBT, Staudt C, Janiak C, Dalton Trans., 41, 14003 (2012)
Freeman BD, Macromolecules, 32(2), 375 (1999)
Ladewig B, Al-Shaeli MNZ, Fundamentals of membrane bioreactors, Springer (2017).
Baker RW, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41(6), 1393 (2002)
Bernardo P, Drioli E, Golemme G, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48(10), 4638 (2009)
Zhang L, Park IS, Shqau K, Ho WW, Verweij H, JOM, 61, 61 (2009)
Hilal N, Ismail AF, Wright C, Membrane fabrication, CRC Press (2015).
Ismail AF, Matsuura T, Khulbe KC, Gas separation membranes: Polymeric and inorganic, Springer (2015).
Park HB, Hoek EMV, Tarabara VV, Gas separation membranes, Encyclopedia of membrane science and technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2013).
Baker RW, Membrane technology and applications, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2004).
Scholes CA, Stevens GW, Kentish SE, Fuel, 96(1), 15 (2012)
Koros WJ, Zhang C, Nat. Mater., 16(3), 289 (2017)
Sridhar S, Smitha B, Aminabhavi T, Sep. Purif. Rev., 36, 113 (2007)
Schultz J, Peinemann KV, J. Membr. Sci., 110(1), 37 (1996)
Ghosal K, Freeman BD, Polym. Adv. Technol., 5, 673 (1994)
Hirayama Y, Yoshinaga T, Kusuki Y, Ninomiya K, Sakakibara T, Tamari T, J. Membr. Sci., 111(2), 169 (1996)
Kim T, Koros W, Husk G, O’ Kbrien, J. Membr. Sci., 37, 45 (1988)
Hillock AMW, Koros WJ, Macromolecules, 40(3), 583 (2007)
Qiu WL, Xu LR, Chen CC, Paul DR, Koros WJ, Polymer, 54(22), 6226 (2013)
Cao C, Chung TS, Liu Y, Wang R, Pramoda KP, J. Membr. Sci., 216(1-2), 257 (2003)
Yang H, Xu Z, Fan M, Gupta R, Slimane RB, Bland AE, Wright I, J. Environ. Sci., 20, 14 (2008)
Olajire AA, Energy, 35(6), 2610 (2010)
Powell CE, Qiao GG, J. Membr. Sci., 271, 1 (2006)
Liu SL, Shao L, Chua ML, Lau CH, Wang H, Quan S, Prog. Polym. Sci, 38, 1089 (2013)
Vanherck K, Koeckelberghs G, Vankelecom IF, Prog. Polym. Sci, 38, 874 (2013)
Qiu WL, Chen CC, Xu LR, Cui LL, Paul DR, Koros WJ, Macromolecules, 44(15), 6046 (2011)
Kratochvil AM, Koros WJ, Macromolecules, 41(21), 7920 (2008)
Omole IC, Miller SJ, Koros WJ, Macromolecules, 41(17), 6367 (2008)
Robeson LM, J. Membr. Sci., 62, 165 (1991)
Robeson LM, J. Membr. Sci., 320(1-2), 390 (2008)
Sehgal R, Brinker CJ, US Patent, 5,772,735 (1998).
Kluiters S, Energy Center of the Netherlands, Petten, The Netherlands (2004).
Ismail AF, David LIB, J. Membr. Sci., 193(1), 1 (2001)
Caro J, Chem. Soc. Rev., 45, 3468 (2016)
Tavolaro A, Drioli E, Adv. Mater., 11(12), 975 (1999)
Lin Y, Duke MC, Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng., 2, 209 (2013)
Gascon J, Kapteijn F, Zornoza B, Sebastian V, Casado C, Coronas J, Chem. Mater., 24, 2829 (2012)
Yang SW, Cao ZS, Arvanitis A, Sun XH, Xu Z, Dong JH, J. Membr. Sci., 505, 194 (2016)
Tomita T, Nakayama K, Sakai H, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 68, 71 (2004)
Himeno S, Tomita T, Suzuki K, Nakayama K, Yajima K, Yoshida S, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46(21), 6989 (2007)
White JC, Dutta PK, Shqau K, Verweij H, Langmuir, 26(12), 10287 (2010)
Kusakabe K, Kuroda T, Murata A, Morooka S, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36(3), 649 (1997)
Kusakabe K, Yoneshige S, Murata A, Morooka S, J. Membr. Sci., 116(1), 39 (1996)
Lee T, Choi J, Tsapatsis M, J. Membr. Sci., 436, 79 (2013)
Hagg MB, Lie JA, Lindbrathen A, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 984, 329 (2003)
Vu DQ, Koros WJ, Miller SJ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41(3), 367 (2002)
Kiyono M, Williams PJ, Koros WJ, J. Membr. Sci., 359(1-2), 2 (2010)
Ning X, Koros WJ, Carbon, 66, 511 (2014)
Kim YK, Lee JM, Park HB, Lee YM, J. Membr. Sci., 235(1-2), 139 (2004)
Kim YK, Park HB, Lee YM, J. Membr. Sci., 255(1-2), 265 (2005)
Tseng HH, Itta AK, J. Membr. Sci., 389, 223 (2012)
Ma XL, Lin YS, Wei XT, Kniep J, AIChE J., 62(2), 491 (2016)
Hayashi J, Mizuta H, Yamamoto M, Kusakabe K, Morooka S, Suh SH, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35(11), 4176 (1996)
Ma XL, Lin BK, Wei XT, Kniep J, Lin YS, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(11), 4297 (2013)
Adhikari S, Fernando S, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45(3), 875 (2006)
Li JR, Kuppler RJ, Zhou HC, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 1477 (2009)
Furukawa H, Cordova KE, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Science, 341, 123044 (2013)
Park KS, Ni Z, Cote AP, Choi JP, Huang R, Uribe-Romo FJ, Chae HK, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103, 10186 (2006)
Wang B, Cote AP, Furukawa H, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Nature, 453, 207 (2008)
Phan A, Doonan CJ, Uribe-Romo FJ, Knobler CB, O’keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Accounts Chem. Res., 43, 58 (2010)
Banerjee R, Phan A, Wang B, Knobler C, Furukawa H, O’keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Science, 319, 939 (2008)
Li YS, Liang FY, Bux HG, Yang WS, Caro J, J. Membr. Sci., 354(1-2), 48 (2010)
Pan Y, Lai Z, Chem. Commun., 47, 10275 (2011)
Huang A, Bux H, Steinbach F, Caro J, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 122, 5078 (2010)
Liu YY, Hu EP, Khan EA, Lai ZP, J. Membr. Sci., 353(1-2), 36 (2010)
Huang AS, Dou W, Caro J, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132(44), 15562 (2010)
Lee MJ, Kwon HT, Jeong HK, J. Membr. Sci., 529, 105 (2017)
Colling C, Huff G, US Patent, 10/183793 (2004).
Choi J, Jeong HK, Snyder MA, Stoeger JA, Masel RI, Tsapatsis M, Science, 325, 590 (2009)
Xomeritakis G, Lai ZP, Tsapatsis M, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40(2), 544 (2001)
Gemmer R, Membrane technology workshop summary report, Washington, DC (2012).
Vu DQ, Koros WJ, Miller SJ, J. Membr. Sci., 211(2), 311 (2003)
Ismail AF, Goh PS, Sanip SM, Aziz M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 70(1), 12 (2009)
Koros WJ, J. Membr. Sci. Technol., 26, 1 (2006)
Wang ZG, Wang D, Zhang SX, Hu L, Jin J, Adv. Mater., 28(17), 3399 (2016)
Mahajan R, Koros WJ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39(8), 2692 (2000)
Keskin S, Sholl DS, Energy Environ. Sci., 3, 343 (2010)
Merkel T, Freeman B, Spontak R, He Z, Pinnau I, Meakin P, Hill A, Science, 296, 519 (2002)
Nordin NAHM, Ismail AF, Mustafa A, Murali RS, Matsuura T, RSC Adv., 5, 30206 (2015)
Paul D, Kemp D, J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Symposia, 41, 79 (1973)
Wijmans JG, Baker RW, J. Membr. Sci., 107(1-2), 1 (1995)
Seader JD, Henley EJ, Separation process principles, John Wiley (2005).
Koros W, Fleming G, Jordan S, Kim T, Hoehn H, Prog. Polym. Sci, 13, 339 (1988)
Singh A, Koros WJ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35(4), 1231 (1996)
Hashemifard SA, Ismail AF, Matsuura T, J. Membr. Sci., 347(1-2), 53 (2010)
Maxwell JC, Treatise on electricity and magnetism, Oxford Univ. Press (1873).
Mahajan R, Koros WJ, Polym. Eng. Sci., 42(7), 1420 (2002)
Mahajan R, Koros WJ, Polym. Eng. Sci., 42(7), 1432 (2002)
Pal R, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 317(1), 191 (2008)
Bruggeman VD, Ann. Phys., 416, 636 (1935)
Shimekit B, Mukhtar H, Murugesan T, J. Membr. Sci., 373(1-2), 152 (2011)
Lewis T, Nielsen L, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 14, 1449 (1970)
Nielsen LE, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 17, 3819 (1973)
Pal R, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 26, 643 (2007)
Shimekit B, Mukhtar H, Gas permeation models in mixed matrix membranes, 2011 National Postgraduate Conference, 1 (2011).
Felske J, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 47, 3453 (2004)
Hoang VT, Kaliaguine S, Chem. Rev., 113(7), 4980 (2013)
Freeman B, Yampolskii Y, Membrane gas separation, John Wiley & Sons (2011).
Wahab MFA, Ismail AF, Shilton SJ, Sep. Purif. Technol., 86, 41 (2012)
Kulprathipanja S, Neuzil RW, Li NN, US Patent, 4,740,219 (1988).
Perez EV, Karunaweera C, Musselman IH, Balkus KJ, Ferraris JP, Processes, 4, 32 (2016)
Dong GX, Li HY, Chen V, J. Membr. Sci., 353(1-2), 17 (2010)
Alaslai N, Ghanem B, Alghunaimi F, Litwiller E, Pinnau I, J. Membr. Sci., 505, 100 (2016)
Wang H, Huang L, Holmberg BA, Yan Y, ChemComm, 1708, 2002
Li SG, Falconer JL, Noble RD, Adv. Mater., 18(19), 2601 (2006)
Murali RS, Ismail AF, Rahman MA, Sridhar S, Sep. Purif. Technol., 129, 1 (2014)
Junaidi MUM, Leo CP, Ahmad AL, Kamal SNM, Chew TL, Fuel Process. Technol., 118, 125 (2014)
Gong H, Lee SS, Bae TH, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 237, 82 (2017)
Tirouni I, Sadeghi M, Pakizeh M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 141, 394 (2015)
Ahmad J, Hagg MB, J. Membr. Sci., 427, 73 (2013)
Ahmad J, Hagg MB, Sep. Purif. Technol., 115, 190 (2013)
Rezakazemi M, Shahidi K, Mohammadi T, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 37, 14576 (2012)
Zhao D, Ren J, Li H, Hua K, Deng M, J. Energy Chem., 23, 227 (2014)
Rabiee H, Alsadat SM, Soltanieh M, Mousavi SA, Ghadimi A, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 223 (2015)
Cakal U, Yilmaz L, Kalipcilar H, J. Membr. Sci., 417, 45 (2012)
Peydayesh M, Asarehpour S, Mohammadi T, Bakhtiari O, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91(7), 1335 (2013)
Loloei M, Omidkhah M, Moghadassi A, Amooghin AE, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Cont., 39, 225 (2015)
Dorosti F, Omidkhah M, Abedini R, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 25, 88 (2015)
Jusoh N, Yeong YF, Lau KK, Shariff AM, J. Membr. Sci., 525, 175 (2017)
Sanaeepur H, Kargari A, Nasernejad B, Amooghin AE, Omidkhah M, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 60, 403 (2016)
Chen XY, Nik OG, Rodrigue D, Kaliaguine S, Polymer, 53(15), 3269 (2012)
Zarshenas K, Raisi A, Aroujalian A, J. Membr. Sci., 510, 270 (2016)
Ferey G, Chem. Soc. Rev., 37, 191 (2008)
Perry JJ, Perman JA, Zaworotko MJ, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 1400 (2009)
Meek ST, Greathouse JA, Allendorf MD, Adv. Mater., 23(2), 249 (2011)
Yehia H, Pisklak T, Ferraris J, Balkus K, Musselman I, Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 227, U351 (2004).
Zhang C, Lively RP, Zhang K, Johnson JR, Karvan O, Koros WJ, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 3, 2130 (2012)
Li KH, Olson DH, Seidel J, Emge TJ, Gong HW, Zeng HP, Li J, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(30), 10368 (2009)
Leng K, Sun Y, Li X, Sun S, Xu W, Cryst. Growth Des., 16, 1168 (2016)
Ferey G, Mellot-Draznieks C, Serre C, Millange F, Dutour J, Surble S, Margiolaki I, Science, 309, 2040 (2005)
Kwon HT, Jeong HK, Lee AS, An HS, Lee JS, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 137(38), 12304 (2015)
Krokidas P, Castier M, Moncho S, Sredojevic DN, Brothers EN, Kwon HT, Jeong HK, Lee JS, Economou IG, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120, 8116 (2016)
An H, Park S, Kwon HT, Jeong HK, Lee JS, J. Membr. Sci., 526, 367 (2017)
Wu H, Chua YS, Krungleviciute V, Tyagi M, Chen P, Yildirim T, Zhou W, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135(28), 10525 (2013)
Cmarik GE, Kim M, Cohen SM, Walton KS, Langmuir, 28, 15606 (2012)
Shen J, Liu GP, Huang K, Li QQ, Guan KC, Li YK, Jin WQ, J. Membr. Sci., 513, 155 (2016)
Yuan B, Ma D, Wang X, Li Z, Li Y, Liu H, He D, ChemComm, 48, 1135 (2012)
Khan AL, Klaysom C, Gahlaut A, Khan AU, Vankelecom IFJ, J. Membr. Sci., 447, 73 (2013)
Biswas S, Vanpoucke DE, Verstraelen T, Vandichel M, Couck S, Leus K, Liu YY, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, Denayer JF, J. Phys. Chem. C, 117, 22784 (2013)
Anjum MW, Bueken B, De Vos D, Vankelecom IFJ, J. Membr. Sci., 502, 21 (2016)
Knebel A, Friebe S, Bigall NC, Benzaqui M, Serre C, Caro JR, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 7536 (2016)
Park S, Kang WR, Kwon HT, Kim S, Seo M, Bang J, Lee SH, Jeong HK, Lee JS, J. Membr. Sci., 486, 29 (2015)
Li H, Tuo LH, Yang K, Jeong HK, Dai Y, He GH, Zhao W, J. Membr. Sci., 511, 130 (2016)
Chi WS, Hwang S, Lee SJ, Park S, Bae YS, Ryu DY, Kim JH, Kim J, J. Membr. Sci., 495, 479 (2015)
Sanchez-Lainez J, Zornoza B, Friebe S, Caro J, Cao S, Sabetghadam A, Seoane B, Gascon J, Kapteijn F, Le Guillouzer C, Clet G, Daturi M, Tellez C, Coronas J, J. Membr. Sci., 515, 45 (2016)
Jomekian A, Behbahani RM, Mohammadi T, Kargari A, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 31, 562 (2016)
Nordin NAHM, Racha SM, Matsuura T, Misdan N, Sani NAA, Ismail AF, Mustafa A, RSC Adv., 5, 43110 (2015)
Jusoh N, Yeong YF, Lau KK, Shariff AM, J. Clean Prod., 149, 80 (2017)
Shahid S, Nijmeijer K, Nehache S, Vankelecom I, Deratani A, Quemener D, J. Membr. Sci., 492, 21 (2015)
Zhang C, Dai Y, Johnson JR, Karvan O, Koros WJ, J. Membr. Sci., 389, 34 (2012)
Fang M, Wu C, Yang Z, Wang T, Xia Y, Li J, J. Membr. Sci., 47, 103 (2015)
Bushell AF, Attfield MP, Mason CR, Budd PM, Yampolskii Y, Starannikova L, Rebrov A, Bazzarelli F, Bernardo P, Jansen JC, Lanc M, Friess K, Shantarovich V, Gustov V, Isaeva V, J. Membr. Sci., 427, 48 (2013)
Askari M, Chung TS, J. Membr. Sci., 444, 173 (2013)
Amedi HR, Aghajani M, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 247, 124 (2017)
Hwang S, Chi WS, Lee SJ, Im SH, Kim JH, Kim J, J. Membr. Sci., 480, 11 (2015)
Kunjattu SH, Ashok V, Bhaskar A, Pandare K, Banerjee R, Kharul UK, J. Membr. Sci., 549, 38 (2018)
Wijenayake SN, Panapitiya NP, Versteeg SH, Nguyen CN, Goel S, Balkus KJ, Musselman IH, Ferraris JP, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(21), 6991 (2013)
Diestel L, Wang NY, Schwiedland B, Steinbach F, Giese U, Caro J, J. Membr. Sci., 492, 181 (2015)
Sanchez-Lainez J, Zornoza B, Mayoral A, Berenguer-Murcia A, Cazorla-Amoros D, Tellez C, Coronas J, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 6549 (2015)
Boroglu MS, Yumru AB, Sep. Purif. Technol., 173, 269 (2017)
Wu XY, Liu W, Wu H, Zong X, Yang LX, Wu YZ, Ren YX, Shi CY, Wang SF, Jiang ZY, J. Membr. Sci., 548, 309 (2018)
Yuan J, Zhu H, Sun J, Mao Y, Liu G, Jin W, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 38575 (2017)
Perez EV, Kalaw GJD, Ferraris JP, Balkus KJ, Musselman IH, J. Membr. Sci., 530, 201 (2017)
Rodenas T, van Dalen M, Garcia-Perez E, Serra-Crespo P, Zornoza B, Kapteijn F, Gascon J, Adv. Funct. Mater., 24(2), 249 (2014)
Xin Q, Ouyang J, Liu T, Li Z, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang S, Wu H, Jiang Z, Cao X, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 1065 (2015)
Xin QP, Liu TY, Li Z, Wang SF, Li YF, Li Z, Ouyang JY, Jiang ZY, Wu H, J. Membr. Sci., 488, 67 (2015)
Jeazet HBT, Sorribas S, Roman-Marin JM, Zornoza B, Tellez C, Coronas J, Janiak C, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2016, 4363 (2016)
Rodenas T, van Dalen M, Serra-Crespo P, Kapteijn F, Gascon J, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 192, 35 (2014)
Guo XY, Huang HL, Ban YJ, Yang QY, Xiao YL, Li YS, Yang WS, Zhong CL, J. Membr. Sci., 478, 130 (2015)
Ahmad MZ, Navarro M, Lhotka M, Zornoza B, Tellez C, Fila V, Coronas J, Sep. Purif. Technol., 192, 465 (2018)
Anjum MW, Vermoortele F, Khan AL, Bueken B, De Vos DB, Vankelecom IF, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 25193 (2015)
Smith SJ, Ladewig BP, Hill AJ, Lau CH, Hill MR, Sci. Rep., 5 (2015)
Bae TH, Long JR, Energy Environ. Sci., 6, 3565 (2013)
Nguyen TB, Hoang VT, Chen XY, Rodrigue D, Kaliaguine S, J. Membr. Sci., 520, 941 (2016)
Bachman JE, Smith ZP, Li T, Xu T, Long JR, Nat. Mater., 15(8), 845 (2016)
Saufi S, Ismail A, Carbon, 42, 241 (2004)
Suda H, Haraya K, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101(20), 3988 (1997)
Nasir R, Mukhtar H, Man Z, Shaharun MS, Bakar MZA, RSC Adv., 5, 60814 (2015)
Nasir R, Mukhtar H, Man Z, Dutta BK, Shaharun MS, Bakar MZA, J. Membr. Sci., 483, 84 (2015)
Ng LY, Mohammad AW, Leo CP, Hilal N, Desalination, 308, 15 (2013)
Xu LR, Zhang C, Rungta M, Qiu WL, Liu JQ, Koros WJ, J. Membr. Sci., 459, 223 (2014)
Fernandez-Barquin A, Casado-Coterillo C, Etxeberria-Benavides M, Zuniga J, Irabien A, Chem. Eng. Technol., 40(5), 997 (2017)
Hu J, Cai HP, Ren HQ, Wei YM, Xu ZL, Liu HL, Hu Y, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49(24), 12605 (2010)
Zhang C, Zhang K, Xu LR, Labreche Y, Kraftschik B, Koros WJ, AIChE J., 60(7), 2625 (2014)
Zhu H, Jie X, Cao Y, J. Chem., 2017 (2017)
Zhu H, Jie X, Wang L, Kang G, Liu D, Cao Y, RSC Adv., 6, 69124 (2016)
Sutrisna PD, Hou JW, Li HY, Zhang YT, Chen V, J. Membr. Sci., 524, 266 (2017)
Dai Y, Johnson JR, Karvan O, Sholl DS, Koros WJ, J. Membr. Sci., 401, 76 (2012)
Skoulidas AI, Ackerman DM, Johnson JK, Sholl DS, Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, 185901 (2002)
Zhang L, Zhao B, Wang X, Liang Y, Qiu H, Zheng G, Yang J, Carbon, 66, 11 (2014)
Zahri K, Wong K, Goh P, Ismail A, RSC Adv., 6, 89130 (2016)
Zulhairun AK, Subramaniam MN, Samavati A, Ramli MKN, Krishparao M, Goh AS, Ismail AF, Sep. Purif. Technol., 180, 13 (2017)
Dzinun H, Othman MHD, Ismail AF, Puteh MH, Rahman MA, Jaafar J, J. Membr. Sci., 479, 123 (2015)
Yang T, Shi GM, Chung TS, Adv. Energy Mater., 2, 1358 (2012)
Zulhairun AK, Fachrurrazi ZG, Izwanne MN, Ismail AF, Sep. Purif. Technol., 146, 85 (2015)
Zulhairun AK, Ng BC, Ismail AF, Murali RS, Abdullah MS, Sep. Purif. Technol., 137, 1 (2014)
Ghomshani AD, Ghaee A, Mansourpour Z, Esmaili M, Sadatnia B, Polym. -Plast. Technol. Eng., 55, 1155 (2016)
Goh PS, Ng BC, Ismail AF, Aziz M, Hayashi Y, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 386, 80 (2012)
Favvas EP, Nitodas SF, Stefopoulos AA, Papageorgiou SK, Stefanopoulos KL, Mitropoulos AC, Sep. Purif. Technol., 122, 262 (2014)
Loeb S, Sourirajan S, Sea water demineralization by means of an osmotic membrane, ACS Publications (1962).
Sanders DE, Smith ZP, Guo RL, Robeson LM, McGrath JE, Paul DR, Freeman BD, Polymer, 54(18), 4729 (2013)
Baker RW, Low BT, Macromolecules, 47(20), 6999 (2014)
Aroon MA, Ismail AF, Matsuura T, Montazer-Rahmati MM, Sep. Purif. Technol., 75(3), 229 (2010)
Li Y, Chung TS, Huang Z, Kulprathipanja S, J. Membr. Sci., 277(1-2), 28 (2006)
Mckelvey SA, Clausi DT, Koros WJ, J. Membr. Sci., 124(2), 223 (1997)
Wallace DW, Staudt-Bickel C, Koros WJ, J. Membr. Sci., 278(1-2), 92 (2006)
Husain S, Koros WJ, J. Membr. Sci., 288(1-2), 195 (2007)
Perez EV, Balkus KJ, Ferraris JP, Musselman IH, J. Membr. Sci., 328(1-2), 165 (2009)
Chung TS, Teoh SK, Hu XD, J. Membr. Sci., 133(2), 161 (1997)
Henis JMS, Tripodi MK, US Patent, 4,230,463 (1980).
Jiang LY, Chung TS, Kulprathipanja S, J. Membr. Sci., 276(1-2), 113 (2006)
Li Y, Krantz WB, Chung TS, AIChE J., 53(9), 2470 (2007)
Yang T, Xiao Y, Chung TS, Energy Environ. Sci., 4, 4171 (2011)
Ge L, Zhou W, Rudolph V, Zhu Z, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 6350 (2013)
Nafisi V, Hagg MB, J. Membr. Sci., 459, 244 (2014)
Seoane B, Coronas J, Gascon I, Benavides ME, Karvan O, Caro J, Kapteijn F, Gascon J, Chem. Soc. Rev., 44, 2421 (2015)
Jiang LY, Chung TS, Cao C, Huang Z, Kulprathipanja S, J. Membr. Sci., 252(1-2), 89 (2005)
Xiao YC, Wang KY, Chung TS, Tan JN, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61(18), 6228 (2006)
Ismail AF, Kusworo TD, Mustafa A, J. Membr. Sci., 319(1-2), 306 (2008)
Basu S, Cano-Odena A, Vankelecom IFJ, J. Membr. Sci., 362(1-2), 478 (2010)
Li DF, Chung TS, Wang R, Liu Y, J. Membr. Sci., 198(2), 211 (2002)
Li DF, Chung TS, Rong W, J. Membr. Sci., 243(1-2), 155 (2004)
Ma CH, Koros WJ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(31), 10495 (2013)
Moore TT, Koros WJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104(6), 4053 (2007)
Vinh-Thang H, Kaliaguine S, J. Membr. Sci., 452, 271 (2014)
Grulke EA, Polymer process engineering, Prentice Hall (1994).
Puri P, Gas Sep. Purif., 4, 29 (1990)
Zhang C, Koros WJ, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 6, 3841 (2015)
Mallada R, Menendez M, Inorganic membranes: Synthesis, characterization and applications, Elsevier (2008).
Hosseini SS, Peng N, Chung TS, J. Membr. Sci., 349(1-2), 156 (2010)
Widjojo N, Chung TS, Krantz WB, J. Membr. Sci., 294(1-2), 132 (2007)
Li Y, Cao C, Chung TS, Pramoda KP, J. Membr. Sci., 245(1-2), 53 (2004)
Jeong HK, Krych W, Ramanan H, Nair S, Marand E, Tsapatsis M, Chem. Mater., 16, 3838 (2004)
Kang Z, Peng Y, Qian Y, Yuan D, Addicoat MA, Heine T, Hu Z, Tee L, Guo Z, Zhao D, Chem. Mater., 28, 1277 (2016)
Rodenas T, Luz I, Prieto G, Seoane B, Miro H, Corma A, Kapteijn F, Xamena FXLI, Gascon J, Nat. Mater., 14(1), 48 (2015)
Kang Z, Peng Y, Hu Z, Qian Y, Chi C, Yeo LY, Tee L, Zhao D, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 20801 (2015)
Li X, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Jiang Z, Guo R, Wu H, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 5528 (2015)
Shen J, Liu G, Huang K, Jin W, Lee KR Xu N, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 127, 588 (2015)
Li XQ, Ma L, Zhang HY, Wang SF, Jiang ZY, Guo RL, Wu H, Cao XZ, Yang J, Wang BY, J. Membr. Sci., 479, 1 (2015)
Liu G, Jin W, Xu N, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 55, 13384 (2016)
Li T, Pan YC, Peinemann KV, Lai ZP, J. Membr. Sci., 425, 235 (2013)
Rubio C, Zornoza B, Gorgojo P, Tellez C, Coronas J, Curr. Org. Chem., 18, 2351 (2014)