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Received January 31, 2018
Accepted June 13, 2018
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Fabrication of composite membranes for pervaporation of tetrahydrofuran-water: Optimization of intrinsic property by response surface methodology and studies on vulcanization mechanism by density functional theory
Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology,, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700106, West Bengal, India
drs.nrs@gmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2018, 35(9), 1889-1910(22), 10.1007/s11814-018-0099-4
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Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized accelerator-to-sulfur (A/S) ratio was used to synthesize semi efficiently vulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (SBRSEV0) membrane possessing optimum balance between tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB). In addition, composite membranes, such as SBRSEV8, SBRSEV12 and SBRSEV24, were fabricated via incorporating 8, 12 and 24 wt% carbon black filler (CBF), respectively. The changes in physicochemical properties, as a result of crosslinking and CBF loading, were determined by analyzing CP MAS 13CNMR, FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, FESEM-EDX and crosslink densities. Several bi-/poly-sulfidic products, formed by crosslinking precursors of SBR in accelerated sulfur vulcanization, were examined to ascertain the unambiguous reaction mechanism. In this regard, an extensive density functional theory (DFT) based optimization was conducted to apprehend the relative variation in stabilities of several mono-/poly-crosslinked configurations by measuring dipole moments and ground state energies. Moreover, intrinsic membrane properties, such as partial permeabilities and diffusion coefficients, were measured at varying conditions. RSM was employed to optimize membrane efficiency resulting from individual and/or interactive effects of input variables. For the first time, systematic three-stage RSM based optimization (i.e., TS/EAB, total flux (TF)/separation factor (SF) and partial permeabilities) was used to ensure excellent balance between TS/EAB (5.78MPa/499.008% at 2.32 and 3.29 wt% of A and S, respectively), minimum TF/maximum SF (36.90 g m-2 h-1/202.46 at 35 °C, 0.97 wt% tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 24 wt% CBF) and minimum/maximum partial permeabilities of water/THF (2.94 X 10-8/4.64 X 10-8 Barrer at 35 °C, 0.97 wt% THF and 11.49 wt% CBF).
Keywords
Filled and/or Crosslinked Organoselective Styrene Butadiene Rubber Membrane Optimization of Sulfuraccelerator-filler of Composite Membrane by RSM CP MAS 13C NMR FTIR TGA DSC XRD FESEM EDX and Crosslink Density Analyses Permeability Diffusion Coefficient Activity Coefficient and Solubility Parameter of Synthetic Rubber Membrane Analysis of Vulcanization Mechanism by DFT Organic-water Separation
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Li P, Yin L, Song G, Sun J, Wang L, Wang H, Appl. Clay Sci., 40, 38 (2008)
Ray S, Ray SK, J. Membr. Sci., 270(1-2), 132 (2006)
Singha NR, Karmakar M, Mahapatra M, Mondal H, Dutta A, Deb M, Mitra M, Roy C, Chattopadhyay PK, J. Mater. Chem. A, 6, 8078 (2018)
Chattopadhyay PK, Das NC, Chattopadhyay S, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 42, 1049 (2011)
Guo RL, Hu CL, Li B, Jiang ZY, J. Membr. Sci., 289(1-2), 191 (2007)
Karmakar M, Mahapatra M, Dutta A, Chattopadhyay PK, Singha NR, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 102, 438 (2017)
Mahapatra M, Karmakar M, Dutta A, Mondal H, Roy JSD, Chattopadhyay PK, Singha NR, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6, 289 (2018)
Kumar RV, Moorthy IG, Pugazhenthi G, RSC Adv., 5, 87645 (2015)
Singha NR, Mahapatra M, Karmakar M, Dutta A, Mondal H, Chattopadhyay PK, Polym. Chem., 8, 6750 (2017)
Das P, Ray SK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 34, 321 (2016)
Claes S, Vandezande P, Mullens S, Adriaensens P, Peeters R, Maurer FHJ, Van Bael MK, J. Membr. Sci., 389, 459 (2012)
Nagase Y, Ando T, Yun CM, React. Funct. Polym., 67(11), 1252 (2007)
Singha NR, Ray SK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, E99 (2012)
Singha NR, Parya TK, Ray SK, J. Membr. Sci., 340(1-2), 35 (2009)
Roy S, Singha NR, Membranes, 7 (2017), DOI:10.3390/membranes7030053.
Singha NR, Kar S, Ray S, Ray SK, Chem. Eng. Process., 48(5), 1020 (2009)
Singha NR, Kuila SB, Das P, Ray SK, Chem. Eng. Process., 48(11-12), 1560 (2009)
Singha NR, Ray S, Ray SK, Konar BB, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 121(3), 1330 (2011)
Singha NR, Das P, Ray SK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(6), 2034 (2013)
Mahapatra M, Karmakar M, Mondal B, Singha NR, RSC Adv., 6, 69387 (2016)
Kurkuri MD, Nayak JN, Aralaguppi MI, Naidu BVK, Aminabhavi TM, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 98(1), 178 (2005)
Khayet M, Cojocaru C, Zakrzewska-Trznadel G, J. Membr. Sci., 321(2), 272 (2008)
Catarino M, Ferreira A, Mendes A, J. Membr. Sci., 341(1-2), 51 (2009)
Garcia V, Landaburu-Aguirre J, Pongracz E, Peramaki P, Keiski RL, J. Membr. Sci., 338(1-2), 111 (2009)
Kuila SB, Ray SK, Das P, Singha NR, Chem. Eng. Process., 50(4), 391 (2011)
Das P, Ray SK, Kuila SB, Samanta HS, Singha NR, Sep. Purif. Technol., 81(2), 159 (2011)
Singha NR, Dutta A, Mahapatra M, Karmakar M, Mondal H, Chattopadhyay PK, Maiti DK, ACS Omega, 3, 472 (2018)
Singha NR, Mahapatra M, Karmakar M, Mondal H, Dutta A, Deb M, Mitra M, Roy C, Chattopadhyay PK, Maiti DK, ACS Omega, 3, 4163 (2018)
Samanta HS, Ray SK, Das P, Singha NR, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 87(5), 608 (2012)
Valentinyi N, Csefalvay E, Mizsey P, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91(1), 174 (2013)
Singha NR, Kar S, Ray SK, Sep. Sci. Technol., 44(2), 422 (2009)
Ray S, Singha NR, Ray SK, Chem. Eng. J., 149(1-3), 153 (2009)
Singha NR, Ray SK, Sep. Sci. Technol., 45(16), 2298 (2010)
Socrates G, Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts, Wiley, New York (2001).
Naseri ASZ, Arani AJ, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 115, 68 (2015)
Gunasekaran S, Natarajan RK, Kala A, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 68, 323 (2007)
Liu X, Zhao SH, Zhang XY, Li XL, Bai Y, Polymer, 55(8), 1964 (2014)
Pouchaname V, Tinabaye A, Madivanane R, Renukadevi, IRACST-Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2, 752 (2012).
Fernandez-Berridi MJ, Gonzalez N, Mugica A, Bernicot C, Thermochim. Acta, 444(1), 65 (2006)
Lee YS, Lee W, Cho S, Kim I, Ha C, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 78, 85 (2007)
Li H, Kang H, Zhang W, Zhang S, Li J, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 66, 59 (2016)
Mertz G, Hassouna F, Toniazzo V, Dahoun A, Ruch D, J. Eng. Mater. Technol, 134, 010903 (2012)
Ajibade PA, Ejelonu BC, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 113, 408 (2013)
Pellicioli L, Mowdood SK, Negroni F, Parker DD, Koenig JL, Rubber Chem. Technol., 75, 65 (2002)
Singha NR, Karmakar M, Mahapatra M, Mondal H, Dutta A, Roy C, Chattopadhyay PK, Polym. Chem., 8, 3211 (2017)
Singha NR, Kar S, Ray SK, Sep. Sci. Technol., 44(9), 1970 (2009)
Arockiasamy A, Toghiani H, Oglesby D, Horstemeyer MF, Bouvard JL, King RL, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 111, 535 (2013)
Lue SJ, Chen WW, Wang SF, Sep. Sci. Technol., 44(14), 3412 (2009)
Li P, Yin L, Song G, Sun J, Wang L, Wang H, Appl. Clay Sci., 40, 38 (2008)
Ray S, Ray SK, J. Membr. Sci., 270(1-2), 132 (2006)
Singha NR, Karmakar M, Mahapatra M, Mondal H, Dutta A, Deb M, Mitra M, Roy C, Chattopadhyay PK, J. Mater. Chem. A, 6, 8078 (2018)
Chattopadhyay PK, Das NC, Chattopadhyay S, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 42, 1049 (2011)
Guo RL, Hu CL, Li B, Jiang ZY, J. Membr. Sci., 289(1-2), 191 (2007)
Karmakar M, Mahapatra M, Dutta A, Chattopadhyay PK, Singha NR, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 102, 438 (2017)
Mahapatra M, Karmakar M, Dutta A, Mondal H, Roy JSD, Chattopadhyay PK, Singha NR, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6, 289 (2018)
Kumar RV, Moorthy IG, Pugazhenthi G, RSC Adv., 5, 87645 (2015)
Singha NR, Mahapatra M, Karmakar M, Dutta A, Mondal H, Chattopadhyay PK, Polym. Chem., 8, 6750 (2017)
Das P, Ray SK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 34, 321 (2016)
Claes S, Vandezande P, Mullens S, Adriaensens P, Peeters R, Maurer FHJ, Van Bael MK, J. Membr. Sci., 389, 459 (2012)
Nagase Y, Ando T, Yun CM, React. Funct. Polym., 67(11), 1252 (2007)
