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Received November 13, 2018
Accepted January 14, 2019
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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The robustness of titanium hydride potassium perchlorate (THPP) for long-term stability of pyrotechnic mechanical devices (PMDs)
Junwoo Lee
Hyuntae Choi
Seyoung Lim
Gil Hwan Ahn1
Jong Gyu Paik2
Byung Tae Ryu2
Yong Ha Kim3
Yong Sun Won3†
Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyoungbuk 37673, Korea 1Defence R&D Center, Hanwha Corporation, Daejeon 34068, Korea 2Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34183, Korea 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, March 2019, 36(3), 321-324(4), 10.1007/s11814-018-0228-8
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Abstract
Long-term stability of the explosive charges in pyrotechnic mechanical devices (PMDs) is important in order to sustain the precision and accuracy of the explosion. We have been seeking robust materials against aging since self-generated aging by internal factors and induced aging by external factors, such as humidity (or extra oxygen source), might cause physical or chemical changes of the explosive charges to reduce their explosive power (or performance degradation). In this study, we precisely analyzed the aging properties of titanium hydride potassium perchlorate (THPP), one of the primary explosive charges. For the self-generated aging by internal factors, AKTS (advanced kinetics and technology solution) simulation using DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) profiles of different heating rates (1, 2, 4 and 8 °C/min) were used to calculate the initiation time of spontaneous reaction. The resulting initiation time at a storage temperature of 192 °Cwas ~200 years, demonstrating that THPP is hardly aged by itself. To investigate the induced aging by humidity, THPP samples aged under 100% RH (relative humidity) at 70 °C up to 16 weeks were characterized. Thermal analysis showed no loss of relative heat released (or no loss of explosive power) by the aging time, and almost constant reaction rate was maintained, indicating THPP is not affected by aging both thermodynamically and kinetically. This result was confirmed by direct TEM (transmittance electron microscope)-EDS (energy dispersion spectroscopy) observations as well, where no trace of oxide on the surface of titanium hydride (TiH2) appeared regardless of the aging time.
Keywords
References
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Sorensen DN, Quebral AP, Broody EE, Sanborn WB, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 85, 151 (2006)
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