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Received November 1, 2018
Accepted February 11, 2019
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Preparation and characterization of a novel graphene/biochar composite and its application as an adsorbent for Cd removal from aqueous solution
Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P. R. China
snn05@163.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2019, 36(5), 678-687(10), 10.1007/s11814-019-0240-z
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Abstract
A novel graphene/biochar composite (BG composite) was synthesized by mixing graphene (Gr) onto feedstock biomass followed by slow pyrolysis. The composite was then tested for its sorption capacity of Cd from aqueous solutions. Structure and morphology analysis showed that graphene was coated on the biochar surface, resulting in a larger surface area, more functional groups, greater thermal stability, and higher removal efficiency of Cd in comparison to unmodified biochar. The sorption capacity of the BG composite for Cd was 1.26-2.36 times that of biochar. A pseudo second-order model adequately simulated sorption kinetics. The sorption isotherms were simulated well by Langmuir models, and calculated maximum Cd adsorption capacities did not change significantly with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the sorption process of Cd onto the BG composite was feasible and spontaneous. The results of the adsorption experiments, as well as the characteristics of biochar, demonstrate that the process of Cd adsorption on BG composites is mainly physical adsorption accompanied by other chemical adsorption phenomena, such as complexation and ion exchange. This study highlights the use of a BG composite as a multifunctional adsorbent for the efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly treatment of pollutants.
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References
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Chen B, Zhou D, Zhu L, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 5137 (2008)
Beesley L, Marmiroli M, Environ. Pollut., 159, 474 (2011)
Cao X, Ma L, Gao B, Harris W, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3285 (2009)
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Qian L, Chen B, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 8759 (2013)
Huang D, Wang X, Zhang C, Zeng G, Peng Z, Zhou J, Cheng M, Wang R, Hu Z, Qin X, Chemosphere, 186, 414 (2017)
Inyang M, Gao B, Zimmerman A, Zhang M, Chen H, Chem. Eng. J., 236, 39 (2014)
Mehrali M, Latibari ST, Mehrali M, Mahlia TMI, Metselaar HSC, Naghavi MS, Sadeghinezhad E, Akhiani AR, Appl. Therm. Eng., 61, 633 (2013)
Zhang M, Gao B, Yao Y, Xue Y, Inyang M, Sci. Total Environ., 435, 567 (2012)
Wang H, Yuan X, Wu Y, Huang H, Peng X, Zeng G, Zhong H, Liang J, Ren MM, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 195, 19 (2013)
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Ho YS, Mckay G, Wat. Res., 34, 735 (2000)
Weber WJ, Morris JC, Asce Sanitary Eng. Division J., 1, 1 (1963)
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Xiao LP, Shi ZJ, Xu F, Sun RC, Bioresour. Technol., 118, 619 (2012)
Tang JC, Lv HH, Gong YY, Huang Y, Bioresour. Technol., 196, 355 (2015)
Martins AF, de Cardoso A, Stahl JA, Diniz J, Bioresour. Technol., 98(5), 1095 (2007)
Chun Y, Sheng G, Chiou CT, Xing B, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4649 (2004)
Keiluweit M, Nico PS, Johnson MG, Kleber M, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 1247 (2010)
Zheng H, Wang Z, Zhao J, Herbert S, Xing B, Environ. Pollut., 181, 60 (2013)
Devi P, Saroha AK, Bioresour. Technol., 169, 525 (2014)
Ren YM, Yan N, Feng J, Ma J, Wen Q, Li N, Dong Q, Mater. Chem. Phys., 136(2-3), 538 (2012)
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Shen Y, Zhu X, Chen B, J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 12106 (2016)
Gupta NK, Gupta A, FlatChem, 11, 1 (2018)
Fristak V, Richveisova BM, Viglasova E, Duriska L, Galambos M, Jimenez EM, Pipiska M, Soja G, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 3, 521 (2017)
Abdul G, Zhu XY, Chen BL, Chem. Eng. J., 319, 9 (2017)
Wang B, Liu SY, Li FY, Fan ZP, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 34, 1 (2016)
Li B, Yang L, Wang CQ, Zhang QP, Liu QC, Li YD, Xiao R, Chemosphere, 175, 332 (2017)
Annadural G, Juang RS, Lee DJ, Wat. Sci. Technol., 47, 185 (2003)
Fristak V, Pipiska M, Lesny J, Soja G, Frieslhanl W, Packova A, Environ. Monit. Assess., 187, 1 (2015)
Polo MS, Utrilla JR, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3850 (2002)
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Kim WK, Shim T, Kim YS, Hyun S, Ryu C, Park YK, Jung J, Bioresour. Technol., 138, 266 (2013)
Coles CA, Yong RN, Eng. Geol., 85, 19 (2006)
Pipiska M, Richveisova BM, Fristak V, Hornik M, Remenarova LS, Soja G, Lesny J, Soja G, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 311, 85 (2017)
Gupta NK, Gupta A, Ramteke P, Sahoo H, Sengupta A, J. Mol. Liq., 274, 148 (2019)
Zheng H, Wang ZY, Deng X, Zhao J, Luo Y, Novak J, Herbert S, Xing BS, Bioresour. Technol., 130, 463 (2013)
Deng JQ, Liu YQ, Liu SB, Zeng GM, Tan XF, Huang BY, Tang XJ, Wang SF, Hua Q, Yan ZL, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 506, 355 (2017)
