Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received December 5, 2018
Accepted March 5, 2019
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © KIChE. All rights reserved.
All issues
Rheological and mechanical properties of PMMA/organoclay nanocomposites prepared via ultrasound-assisted in-situ emulsion polymerization
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 801103, Bihar, India
vmoholkar@iitg.ac.in
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2019, 36(5), 828-836(9), 10.1007/s11814-019-0252-8
Download PDF
Abstract
This study investigated the rheological and mechanical properties of PMMA/organically modified Cloisite 30B nanocomposites (clay loading 1-5 wt%) synthesized via ultrasound-assisted in-situ emulsion polymerization. XRD patterns and TEM micrographs of the nanocomposites confirm complete exfoliation and uniform distribution of nanoclay platelets in host poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. As a consequence, the nanocomposites synthesized with sonication were found to have superior properties as compared to the nanocomposites synthesized with mechanical stirring. Measurement of rheological properties using melt rheology revealed that magnitudes of storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity increased with incorporation of clay platelets in polymer matrix due to the flow restriction of PMMA chains induced by nanofiller. Analysis of mechanical properties of nanocomposites showed maximum Young…s modulus of 1.8GPa with weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 581,130 g mol-1 for 2wt% clay loading. The enhancements in rheological and mechanical properties of nanocomposites are attributed to the physical and chemical effect of ultrasound and cavitation, i.e. generation of intense microturbulence and free radicals in the emulsion polymerization reaction system.
References
Borthakur LJ, Das D, Dolui SK, Mater. Chem. Phys., 124(2-3), 1182 (2010)
Morgan AB, Harris JD, Polymer, 45(26), 8695 (2004)
Moussaif N, Groeninckx G, Polymer, 44(26), 7899 (2003)
Xu YJ, Brittain WJ, Vaia RA, Price G, Polymer, 47(13), 4564 (2006)
Maiti P, Nam PH, Okamoto M, Hasegawa N, Usuki A, Macromolecules, 35(6), 2042 (2002)
Gilman JW, Appl. Clay Sci., 15, 31 (1999)
Sharma S, Poddar MK, Moholkar VS, Ultrason. Sonochem., 36, 212 (2017)
Solomon MJ, Almusallam AS, Seefeldt KF, Somwangthanaroj A, Varadan P, Macromolecules, 34(6), 1864 (2001)
Alexandre M, Dubois P, Mater. Sci. Eng., 28, 1 (2000)
Poddar MK, Sharma S, Moholkar VS, Macromol. Symp., 361, 82 (2016)
Jung HT, Lee SS, Park M, Kim H, Lim S, Compos. Interfaces, 19(9), 565 (2012)
Poddar MK, Sharma S, Moholkar VS, Polymer, 99, 453 (2016)
Huang XY, Brittain WJ, Macromolecules, 34(10), 3255 (2001)
Wang GA, Wang CC, Chen CY, Polymer, 46(14), 5065 (2005)
Krishna SV, Pugazhenthi G, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 60, 144 (2010)
Zidelkheir B, Boudjemaa S, Goad MA, Djellouli B, Iran. Polym. J., 15, 645 (2006)
Poddar MK, Pradhan S, Moholkar VS, Arjmand M, Sundararaj U, AIChE J., 64(2), 673 (2018)
Yilmaz O, Cheaburu CN, Durraccio D, Gulumser G, Vasile C, Appl. Clay Sci., 49, 288 (2010)
Zhang YQ, Lee JH, Rhee JM, Rhee KY, Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 1383 (2004)
Chang MK, Lee HC, Int. Commn. Heat. Mass., 67, 21 (2015)
Buruga K, Jagannathan TK, Mater. Today -Proc., 4, 7467 (2017)
Patra SK, Prusty G, Swain SK, Bull. Mat. Sci., 35, 27 (2012)
Cherifi Z, Boukoussa B, Zaoui A, Belbachir M, Meghabar R, Ultrason. Sonochem., 48, 188 (2018)
Poddar MK, Arjmand M, Sundararaj U, Moholkar VS, Ultrason. Sonochem., 43, 38 (2018)
Bhanvase BA, Pinjari DV, Gogate PR, Sonawane SH, Pandit AB, Chem. Eng. J., 181, 770 (2012)
Bhanvase BA, Sonawane SH, Chem. Eng. J., 156(1), 177 (2010)
Suslick KS, Sonochemistry, Sci., 247, 1439 (1990)
Kuppa R, Moholkar VS, Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, 123 (2010)
Shah YT, Pandit AB, Moholkar VS, Plenum Press, New York, (1999).
Ashokkumar M, Mason T, John Wiley & Sons (2007).
Kotronarou A, Mills G, Hoffmann MR, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 3630 (1991)
Sivakumar M, Towata A, Yasui K, Tuziuti T, Iida Y, Curr. Appl. Phys., 6(3), 591 (2006)
Chakraborty S, Kumar M, Suresh K, Pugazhenthi G, Powder Technol., 256, 196 (2016)
Kumar M, Priya NS, Kanagaraj S, Pugazhenthi G, Nanocomposites, 2, 109 (2016)
Ryu JG, Park SW, Kim H, Lee JW, Mater. Sci. Eng., 24, 285 (2004)
Peanasky J, Cai LL, Granick S, Kessel CR, Langmuir, 10(10), 3874 (1994)
Granick S, Hu HW, Science, 258, 1339 (1992)
Schwarzl FR, Rheol. Acta, 14, 581 (1975)
Park BJ, Kim TH, Choi HJ, Lee JH, J. Macromol. Sci. B, 46, 341 (2007)
Jang DS, Choi HJ, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 469, 20 (2015)
Mitchell CA, Bahr JL, Arepalli S, Tour JM, Krishnamoorti R, Macromolecules, 35(23), 8825 (2002)
Moussaif N, Groeninckx G, Polymer, 44(26), 7899 (2003)
Swain SK, Isayev AI, Polymer, 48(1), 281 (2007)
Kumar M, Arun S, Upadhyaya P, Pugazhenthi G, I.J.M.M.E., 10, 1 (2015).
Lim ST, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(1), 51 (2003)
Lim SK, Kim JW, Chin IJ, Choi HJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86(14), 3735 (2002)
Bigg S, Grieser F, Macromolecules, 28(14), 4877 (1995)
Morgan AB, Harris JD, Polymer, 45(26), 8695 (2004)
Moussaif N, Groeninckx G, Polymer, 44(26), 7899 (2003)
Xu YJ, Brittain WJ, Vaia RA, Price G, Polymer, 47(13), 4564 (2006)
Maiti P, Nam PH, Okamoto M, Hasegawa N, Usuki A, Macromolecules, 35(6), 2042 (2002)
Gilman JW, Appl. Clay Sci., 15, 31 (1999)
Sharma S, Poddar MK, Moholkar VS, Ultrason. Sonochem., 36, 212 (2017)
Solomon MJ, Almusallam AS, Seefeldt KF, Somwangthanaroj A, Varadan P, Macromolecules, 34(6), 1864 (2001)
Alexandre M, Dubois P, Mater. Sci. Eng., 28, 1 (2000)
Poddar MK, Sharma S, Moholkar VS, Macromol. Symp., 361, 82 (2016)
Jung HT, Lee SS, Park M, Kim H, Lim S, Compos. Interfaces, 19(9), 565 (2012)
Poddar MK, Sharma S, Moholkar VS, Polymer, 99, 453 (2016)
Huang XY, Brittain WJ, Macromolecules, 34(10), 3255 (2001)
Wang GA, Wang CC, Chen CY, Polymer, 46(14), 5065 (2005)
Krishna SV, Pugazhenthi G, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 60, 144 (2010)
Zidelkheir B, Boudjemaa S, Goad MA, Djellouli B, Iran. Polym. J., 15, 645 (2006)
Poddar MK, Pradhan S, Moholkar VS, Arjmand M, Sundararaj U, AIChE J., 64(2), 673 (2018)
Yilmaz O, Cheaburu CN, Durraccio D, Gulumser G, Vasile C, Appl. Clay Sci., 49, 288 (2010)
Zhang YQ, Lee JH, Rhee JM, Rhee KY, Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 1383 (2004)
Chang MK, Lee HC, Int. Commn. Heat. Mass., 67, 21 (2015)
Buruga K, Jagannathan TK, Mater. Today -Proc., 4, 7467 (2017)
Patra SK, Prusty G, Swain SK, Bull. Mat. Sci., 35, 27 (2012)
Cherifi Z, Boukoussa B, Zaoui A, Belbachir M, Meghabar R, Ultrason. Sonochem., 48, 188 (2018)
Poddar MK, Arjmand M, Sundararaj U, Moholkar VS, Ultrason. Sonochem., 43, 38 (2018)
Bhanvase BA, Pinjari DV, Gogate PR, Sonawane SH, Pandit AB, Chem. Eng. J., 181, 770 (2012)
Bhanvase BA, Sonawane SH, Chem. Eng. J., 156(1), 177 (2010)
Suslick KS, Sonochemistry, Sci., 247, 1439 (1990)
Kuppa R, Moholkar VS, Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, 123 (2010)
Shah YT, Pandit AB, Moholkar VS, Plenum Press, New York, (1999).
Ashokkumar M, Mason T, John Wiley & Sons (2007).
Kotronarou A, Mills G, Hoffmann MR, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 3630 (1991)
Sivakumar M, Towata A, Yasui K, Tuziuti T, Iida Y, Curr. Appl. Phys., 6(3), 591 (2006)
Chakraborty S, Kumar M, Suresh K, Pugazhenthi G, Powder Technol., 256, 196 (2016)
Kumar M, Priya NS, Kanagaraj S, Pugazhenthi G, Nanocomposites, 2, 109 (2016)
Ryu JG, Park SW, Kim H, Lee JW, Mater. Sci. Eng., 24, 285 (2004)
Peanasky J, Cai LL, Granick S, Kessel CR, Langmuir, 10(10), 3874 (1994)
Granick S, Hu HW, Science, 258, 1339 (1992)
Schwarzl FR, Rheol. Acta, 14, 581 (1975)
Park BJ, Kim TH, Choi HJ, Lee JH, J. Macromol. Sci. B, 46, 341 (2007)
Jang DS, Choi HJ, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 469, 20 (2015)
Mitchell CA, Bahr JL, Arepalli S, Tour JM, Krishnamoorti R, Macromolecules, 35(23), 8825 (2002)
Moussaif N, Groeninckx G, Polymer, 44(26), 7899 (2003)
Swain SK, Isayev AI, Polymer, 48(1), 281 (2007)
Kumar M, Arun S, Upadhyaya P, Pugazhenthi G, I.J.M.M.E., 10, 1 (2015).
Lim ST, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(1), 51 (2003)
Lim SK, Kim JW, Chin IJ, Choi HJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86(14), 3735 (2002)
Bigg S, Grieser F, Macromolecules, 28(14), 4877 (1995)
