Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received January 14, 2020
Accepted May 11, 2020
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © KIChE. All rights reserved.
All issues
Ion-exchange coupled crystallization for the removal of calcium ions from dicyandiamide
Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservior, Chongqing Three Georges University, Wanzhou 404100, P. R. China 1School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
-
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, October 2020, 37(10), 1773-1785(13), 10.1007/s11814-020-0572-8
Download PDF
Abstract
A new process for ion exchange coupled crystallization is introduced for the removal of calcium ions from dicyandiamide. The effects of different ion-exchange resins, temperature, reaction time, stirring rate, and treatment amount and resin dosage on the removal of calcium ions in dicyandiamide were studied. On this basis, the crystallization process of dicyandiamide was optimized by response surface methodology, together with respective investigations on the effects of cooling rate, stirring rate, seed grain size and seeding time on the removal of calcium ions in dicyandiamide. It was found that the removal efficiency of calcium ion could reach up to 98.12%, during the ion-exchange treatment, and the value increased then fell, with the rise of stirring rate and temperature; the efficiency would improve, with the accumulation of resin dosage; but it would diminish with the increase of treatment amount; and the value would first rise and then remain unchanged when the reaction time was extended. In addition, the best conditions for crystallization are also provided. When the cooling rate is at 0.3 °C/min, the stirring rate 300 rpm, the seed size 60 meshes, and the seeding time 30 minutes, seeds in uniform size with the content of Ca2+ pharmaceutically qualified would be obtained, under the optimum process conditions.
References
Khalil ES, Saad B, Negim EM, Saleh MI, J. Polym. Res., 22, 116 (2015)
Zhang R, Liu L, Zhang J, Wang WY, Ma F, Li RF, Gao LZ, J. Solid State Electrochem., 19, 1695 (2015)
Zhang XY, Qian G, Yang XY, Hu CL, Zhou XG, Fluid Phase Equilib., 363, 228 (2014)
Pal P, McMillan AMS, Saggar S, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 52, 539 (2016)
Liu JB, Wang Y, Tang SS, Gao Q, Jin RF, New J. Chem., 41, 13370 (2017)
Ma YX, Xing D, Lu CP, Du XY, La PQ, Polym. Compos., 39, 2232 (2018)
Gao JG, Zhao LM, CN Patent, 102320994A (2012).
Guo XF, Research on removal of calcium ion by ion exchange, Ningxia University Publications, Ningxia (2017).
Silva RDR, Rodrigues RT, Azevedo AC, Rubio J, Environ. Technol., 40, 1 (2019)
Qin CH, Wang R, Ma W, Desalination, 259(1-3), 156 (2010)
Nair SG, Hwang ST, J. Membr. Sci., 64, 69 (1991)
Marsousi S, Karimi-Sabet J, Moosavian MA, Amini Y, Chem. Eng. J., 356, 492 (2019)
Dabrowski A, Hubicki Z, Podkoscielny P, Robens E, Chemosphere, 56, 91 (2004)
Jahromi PF, Karimi-Sabet J, Amini Y, Chem. Eng. J., 334, 2603 (2018)
Kim YH, Woo HC, Lee D, Lee HC, Park ED, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26(5), 1291 (2009)
Liao J, Li H, Zeng WZ, Sauer DB, Belmares R, Jiang YX, Science, 335(6069), 686 (2012)
Kim J, Benjamin MM, Water Res., 38, 2053 (2004)
Adelli GR, Balguri SP, Bhagav P, Raman V, Majumdar S, Drug Deliv., 24, 370 (2017)
Shang R, Liu C, Quan P, Zhao HQ, Fang L, Int. J. Pharm., 545, 163 (2018)
Ahmadi SJ, Akbari N, Shiri-Yekta Z, Mashhadizadeh MH, Hosseinpour M, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32(3), 478 (2015)
Li HS, Chen YH, Long JY, Jiang DQ, Liu JA, Li SJ, Qi JY, Zhang P, Wang J, Gong JA, Wu QH, Chen DY, J. Hazard. Mater., 333, 179 (2017)
Liu RJ, Zhang YQ, Ding JW, Wang R, Yu MQ, Sep. Purif. Technol., 174, 84 (2017)
Lv HS, Sun YP, Zhang MH, Geng ZF, Ren MM, Energy Fuels, 26(12), 7299 (2012)
Coca M, Mato S, Gonzalez-Benito G, Uruena MA, Garcia-Cubero MT, J. Food Eng., 97(4), 569 (2010)
Yu ZH, Qi T, Qu JK, Guo YC, Hydrometallurgy, 158, 165 (2015)
Yi WT, Yan CY, Ma PH, Desalination, 249(2), 729 (2009)
Thirugnanasambandham K, Sivakumar V, Maran JP, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 46, 160 (2015)
Mahasti NNN, Shih YJ, Vu XT, Huang YH, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 78, 378 (2017)
Abdollahi P, Karimi-Sabet J, Moosavian MA, Amini Y, Sep. Purif. Technol., 231, 115875 (2020)
Subasi Abdussamet, Sahin Bayram, Kaymaz Irfan, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 101, 295 (2016)
Yuan ZY, Yang J, Zhang YF, Zhang XW, Energy, 80, 340 (2015)
Noordin MY, Venkatesh VC, Sharif S, Elting S, Abdullah A, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 145, 46 (2004)
Guesmi F, Hannachi C, Hamrouni B, Desalin. Water. Treat., 23, 32 (2010)
Carvalho C, Fernandes A, Lopes A, Pinheiro H, Goncalves I, Chemosphere, 67, 1316 (2007)
Zhang R, Liu L, Zhang J, Wang WY, Ma F, Li RF, Gao LZ, J. Solid State Electrochem., 19, 1695 (2015)
Zhang XY, Qian G, Yang XY, Hu CL, Zhou XG, Fluid Phase Equilib., 363, 228 (2014)
Pal P, McMillan AMS, Saggar S, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 52, 539 (2016)
Liu JB, Wang Y, Tang SS, Gao Q, Jin RF, New J. Chem., 41, 13370 (2017)
Ma YX, Xing D, Lu CP, Du XY, La PQ, Polym. Compos., 39, 2232 (2018)
Gao JG, Zhao LM, CN Patent, 102320994A (2012).
Guo XF, Research on removal of calcium ion by ion exchange, Ningxia University Publications, Ningxia (2017).
Silva RDR, Rodrigues RT, Azevedo AC, Rubio J, Environ. Technol., 40, 1 (2019)
Qin CH, Wang R, Ma W, Desalination, 259(1-3), 156 (2010)
Nair SG, Hwang ST, J. Membr. Sci., 64, 69 (1991)
Marsousi S, Karimi-Sabet J, Moosavian MA, Amini Y, Chem. Eng. J., 356, 492 (2019)
Dabrowski A, Hubicki Z, Podkoscielny P, Robens E, Chemosphere, 56, 91 (2004)
Jahromi PF, Karimi-Sabet J, Amini Y, Chem. Eng. J., 334, 2603 (2018)
Kim YH, Woo HC, Lee D, Lee HC, Park ED, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26(5), 1291 (2009)
Liao J, Li H, Zeng WZ, Sauer DB, Belmares R, Jiang YX, Science, 335(6069), 686 (2012)
Kim J, Benjamin MM, Water Res., 38, 2053 (2004)
Adelli GR, Balguri SP, Bhagav P, Raman V, Majumdar S, Drug Deliv., 24, 370 (2017)
Shang R, Liu C, Quan P, Zhao HQ, Fang L, Int. J. Pharm., 545, 163 (2018)
Ahmadi SJ, Akbari N, Shiri-Yekta Z, Mashhadizadeh MH, Hosseinpour M, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32(3), 478 (2015)
Li HS, Chen YH, Long JY, Jiang DQ, Liu JA, Li SJ, Qi JY, Zhang P, Wang J, Gong JA, Wu QH, Chen DY, J. Hazard. Mater., 333, 179 (2017)
Liu RJ, Zhang YQ, Ding JW, Wang R, Yu MQ, Sep. Purif. Technol., 174, 84 (2017)
Lv HS, Sun YP, Zhang MH, Geng ZF, Ren MM, Energy Fuels, 26(12), 7299 (2012)
Coca M, Mato S, Gonzalez-Benito G, Uruena MA, Garcia-Cubero MT, J. Food Eng., 97(4), 569 (2010)
Yu ZH, Qi T, Qu JK, Guo YC, Hydrometallurgy, 158, 165 (2015)
Yi WT, Yan CY, Ma PH, Desalination, 249(2), 729 (2009)
Thirugnanasambandham K, Sivakumar V, Maran JP, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 46, 160 (2015)
Mahasti NNN, Shih YJ, Vu XT, Huang YH, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 78, 378 (2017)
Abdollahi P, Karimi-Sabet J, Moosavian MA, Amini Y, Sep. Purif. Technol., 231, 115875 (2020)
Subasi Abdussamet, Sahin Bayram, Kaymaz Irfan, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 101, 295 (2016)
Yuan ZY, Yang J, Zhang YF, Zhang XW, Energy, 80, 340 (2015)
Noordin MY, Venkatesh VC, Sharif S, Elting S, Abdullah A, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 145, 46 (2004)
Guesmi F, Hannachi C, Hamrouni B, Desalin. Water. Treat., 23, 32 (2010)
Carvalho C, Fernandes A, Lopes A, Pinheiro H, Goncalves I, Chemosphere, 67, 1316 (2007)
