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Received April 25, 2020
Accepted June 30, 2020
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Bioenergy potential and thermochemical characterization of lignocellulosic biomass residues available in Pakistan
Aisha Abdullah1
Ashfaq Ahmed2 3†
Parveen Akhter1
Abdul Razzaq3
Muhammad Zafar4
Murid Hussain3
Nasir Shahzad3
Khaliq Majeed3
Shahzad Khurrum3
Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar5
Young-Kwon Park2†
1Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan 2School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea 3Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan 4Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Quied-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan 5Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
ashfaqengr97@gmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, November 2020, 37(11), 1899-1906(8), 10.1007/s11814-020-0624-0
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Abstract
We evaluated the thermochemical properties and suitability of a variety of lignocellulosic biomass residues in Pakistan for energy production. Proximate, ultimate and calorific value analyses were performed to know the energy perspective, whereas thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the decomposition behavior of biomass samples under pyrolysis conditions. The moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content in the biomass samples were found within the range of 4.38-5.69%, 63.25-80.53%, 7.97-23.13%, and 7.12-14.35%, respectively. The range of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen content was reported as 35.83-47.23%, 5.2-6.56%, and 45.6-58.55%, respectively. Lower values of sulfur and nitrogen content amongst the samples indicated that the biomass was environmentally friendly in terms of energy production. The heating value of the biomass was reported in the range of 15.20-18.44 MJ/kg. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the existence of hydroxyl, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, ether, and halogen groups. Orange leaf biomass indicated a greater potential in producing bio-oil, whereas the horticulture biomass and mango leaves may have greater potential for biochar.
Keywords
References
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Kim SS, Tsang YF, Kwon EE, Lin KYA, Lee JC, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36(1), 1 (2019)
Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Hamdani R, Park YK, Lam SS, Sukri RS, Hussain M, Majeed K, Phusunti N, Jamil F, Aslam M, Environ. Res., 186, 109596 (2020)
Majeed K, Ahmed A, Abu Bakar M, Mahlia TMI, Saba N, Hassan A, Jawaid M, Hussain M, Iqbal J, Ali Z, Polymers, 11, 1557 (2019)
Hwang SJ, Lee MY, Kim HY, Lee KS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 65, 95 (2018)
Naik S, Goud VV, Rout PK, Jacobson K, Dalai AK, Renew. Energy, 35(8), 1624 (2010)
Phusunti N, Phetwarotai W, Tekasakul S, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35(2), 503 (2018)
Abdelaziz EA, Saidur R, Mekhilef S, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 15, 150 (2011)
Khurram MS, Shahzad K, Haider AAR, Ghauri M, J. Pakistan Inst. Chem. Eng., 42, 91 (2014)
Gholizadeh M, Hu X, Liu Q, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 114, 109313 (2019)
Choi D, Oh JI, Baek K, Lee J, Kwon EE, Energy, 153, 530 (2018)
Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Azad AK, Sukri RS, Mahlia TMI, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 82, 3060 (2017)
Ozturk M, Saba N, Altay V, Iqbal R, Hakeem KR, Jawaid M, Ibrahim FH, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 79, 1285 (2017)
Kim JH, Oh JI, Lee J, Kwon EE, Energy, 179, 163 (2019)
Sansaniwal SK, Rosen MA, Tyagi SK, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 80, 23 (2017)
Ashraf A, Sattar H, Munir S, Fuel, 235, 504 (2019)
Saghir M, Zafar S, Tahir A, Ouadi M, Siddique B, Hornung A, Front. Energy Res., 7, 24 (2019)
Demirbas A, Energy Conv. Manag., 42(11), 1357 (2001)
Tareen WUK, Anjum Z, Yasin N, Siddiqui L, Farhat I, Malik SA, et al., Energies, 11, 2431 (2018)
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Naqvi SR, Jamshaid S, Naqvi M, Farooq W, Niazi MBK, et al., Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 81, 1247 (2017)
Kumar A, Kumar K, Kaushik N, Sharma S, Mishra S, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 14, 2434 (2010)
Irfan M, Zhao Z, Ahmad M, Mukeshimana M, Sustainability, 11, 1206 (2019)
Butt S, Hartmann I, Lenz V, Biomass Bioenerg., 58, 379 (2013)
Bhutto AW, Bazmi AA, Zahedi G, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 15, 3207 (2011)
Ali G, Khalid M, Ali H, Hamid M, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 61, 25 (2016)
Raza S, Hameed Z, Tariq R, Taqvi SA, Ali I, Khan MB, Waste Manage., 85, 131 (2019)
Sana H, Kanwal S, Akhtar J, Haider R, Nawaz S, Sheikh N, Munir S, Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., 39, 465 (2017)
Titiloye JO, Abu Bakar MS, Odetoye TE, Ind. Crop. Prod., 47, 199 (2013)
Greenhalf CE, Nowakowski DJ, Bridgwater AV, Titiloye J, Yates N, Riche A, Shield I, Ind. Crop. Prod., 36, 449 (2012)
Garcia R, Pizarro C, Lavin AG, Bueno JL, Bioresour. Technol., 103(1), 249 (2012)
Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Azad AK, Sukri RS, Phusunti N, Energy Conv. Manag., 176, 393 (2018)
Sarkar DK, Thermal power plant: Design and operation, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2015).
Akhtar N, Gupta K, Goyal D, Goyal A, Environ. Prog. Sustain Energy, 35, 489 (2016)
Abu Bakar M, Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brunei Rice Husk for Bio-Oil Production, Ph. D. Thesis, Aston University (2013).
Danish M, Naqvi M, Farooq U, Naqvi S, Energy Procedia, 75, 2974 (2015)
Ahmed A, Hidayat S, Abu Bakar MS, Azad AK, Sukri RS, Phusunti N, Biofuels, in press (2018).
Hidayat S, Bakar MSA, Yang Y, Phusunti N, Bridgwater AVV, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 134, 510 (2018)
Radenahmad N, Morni NA, Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Zaini J, Azad AK, BICET, IET Library (2018).
Reza S, Ahmed A, Caesarendra W, Bakar MSA, Shams S, Saidur R, Aslfattahi N, Azad AK, Bioengineering, 6, 33 (2019)
Karaosmanoglu F, Tetik E, Gollu E, Fuel Proc. Technol., 59, 1 (1999)
Ali N, Saleem M, Shahzad K, Chughtai A, Khan A, Life Sci. J., 11, 7 (2014)
Madhu P, Kanagasabapathy H, Manickam IN, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., 18, 146 (2016)
Mothe CG, De Miranda IC, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 97, 661 (2009)
