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Received July 4, 2019
Accepted November 12, 2019
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Innovative approach of in-situ fixed mode dual effect (photo-Fenton and photocatalysis) for ofloxacin degradation
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India 2School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India 3Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
anoop.kumar@thapar.edu
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, February 2020, 37(2), 350-357(8), 10.1007/s11814-019-0427-3
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Abstract
Novel composite materials composed of clay, foundry sand (FS), and fly-ash (FA) have been employed to immobilize TiO2 for incorporating in-situ dual effect for the degradation of antibiotic ofloxacin. The in-situ generation of iron from the composite beads with surface active TiO2 induced the dual effect of photo-Fenton and photocatalysis. FA/FS/TiO2 beads illustrated the best results (92% removal) at optimized conditions in the batch reactor experiments. The increment in the rate constant along with a decrease in treatment time for the dual effect has proven the credentials of the in-situ dual effect. Synergy in first-order rate constant using dual process was 51% over the single processes of photo-Fenton and photocatalysis. After 35 recycles the viability of the composed beads was observed through SEM/ EDS, UV-DRS and FT-IR analysis, which further justified its use industrially. Estimation of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia as its by-products was performed for the confirmation of mineralization. Generation of the intermediate products was also identified through GC-MS analysis, and a degradation pathway was proposed. Toxicity test confirming the nontoxic nature of the treated solution was performed on E. coli grown in Miller’s Luria Bertani Broth nutrient medium.
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