Fluoride removal systems have been established to curb the health hazards from fluoride. However, these techniques are not feasible in rural communities. Therefore, use of agricultural wastes as adsorbing material for fluoride removal can be fruitful to rural areas. A study of the influence of constraints like pH, adsorbent dosage, contact period and stirring rate on efficiency of fluoride removal was conducted using ash obtained from black mustard husk as an adsorptive material. Batch study was carried out to study the efficiency of the adsorbent for defluoridation. Removal efficiency of up to 84 percent was observed for the fluoride uptake using black mustard husk fly ash (BMHFA). Adsorbent dosage of 2 g, pH value of 2, contact time of 150 min and stirring rate of 200 rpm were found to be the optimum process parameter values. Adsorption models like Freundlich, Temkin and Langmuir models were used to validate the results. Langmuir model was seen best fitting with the results having an R2 value equal to 0.96 and indicating a homogeneous monolayer surface assimilation. Pseudo-first-order kinetics, pseudo-second-order kinetic modelling and intra-particle diffusion were studied. The kinetic models showed the prominent influence of physisorption in the adsorption process. A thermodynamic study of the adsorption phenomenon was conducted and it was found that the nature of sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorbent was found to be efficient in fluoride sorption when tested on real water samples. Regeneration study showed good reusability of the spent adsorbent. This study provides a good prospective and stimulating work for the researchers working in this field.

Adsorption Batch Study Fluoride Removal pH Black Mustard Husk

Yousefi M, Ghalehaskar S, Baghal F, Ghaderpoury A, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 107, 1 (2019)
Dehghani MH, Haghighat GA, Yousefi M, Data Br., 19, 842 (2018)
Alagumuthu G, Veeraputhiran V, Venkataraman R, Arch. Appl. Sci. Res., 2, 170 (2010)
Tamer MN, Encycl. Environ. Heal., 786 (2011).
Min BR, Gill AL, Gill WN, Desalination, 49, 89 (1984)
Yadav KK, Gupta N, Kumar V, Khan SA, Kumar A, Environ. Int., 111, 80 (2018)
Jadhav SV, Bringas E, Yadav GD, Rathod VK, Ortiz I, Marathe KV, J. Environ. Manage., 162, 306 (2015)
Van der Bruggen B, Manttari M, Nystrom M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 63(2), 251 (2008)
Bhatnagar A, Kumar E, Sillanpaa M, Chem. Eng. J., 171(3), 811 (2011)
Garcia-sanchez JJ, Solache-rios M, Martinez-miranda V, Rodriguez-torres I, Desalin. Water Treat., 94, 31 (2017)
Waghmare SS, Arfin T, IJARIIE, 1, 628 (2015)
Waghmare SS, Arfin T, Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., 4, 8090 (2015)
Sinha V, Chakma S, Environ. Technol. Innov., 17, 13 (2020)
Gitari WM, Izuagie AA, Gumbo JR, Arab. J. Chem., 13, 1 (2020)
Oulebsir A, Chaabane T, Zaidi S, Omine K, Alonzo V, Darchen A, Msagati TAM, Sivasankar V, Arab. J. Chem., 13, 271 (2020)
Medellin-Castillo NA, Cruz-Briano SA, Leyva-Ramos R, et al., J. Environ. Manage., 256, 1 (2020)
Affonso LN, Marques JL, Lima VVC, Goncalves JO, et al., J. Hazard. Mater., 388, 1 (2020)
Castaneda LF, Coreno O, Nava JL, Carreno G, Chemosphere, 244, 30 (2020)
Lee JI, Hong SH, Lee CG, Park SJ, Chemosphere, 241, 1 (2020)
Choong CE, Wong KT, Jang SB, Nah IW, Choi J, Ibrahim S, Yoon Y, Jang M, Chemosphere, 239, 10 (2020)
Zhang Y, Xiong L, Xiu Y, Huang K, Microchem. J., 145, 47 (2019)
Oladoja NA, Bello GA, Obisesan SV, Helmreich B, Ogunniyi JA, Daramol OA, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 38, 1 (2018)
Wagutu AW, Machunda R, Jande YAC, J. Hazard. Mater., 347, 95 (2018)
Shams M, Nodehi RN, Dehghani MH, Younesian M, Mahvi AH, Fluoride, 43, 61 (2010)
Dehghani MH, Karri RR, Lima EC, Mahvi AE, Nazmara S, Ghaedi AM, Fazlzadeh M, Gholami S, J. Mol. Liq., 315, 1 (2020)
Dehghani MH, Farhang M, Alimohammadi M, Afsharnia M, Mckay G, Chem. Eng. Commun., 205(7), 955 (2018)
Heidarinejad Z, Dehghani MH, Heidari M, Javedan G, Ali I, Environ. Chem. Lett., 18, 1 (2020)
Habibi N, Rouhi P, Ramavandi B, Data Br., 13, 749 (2017)
Kumar MM, Priya KA, Anuvarshni M, Choden D, Sophiya REP, Int. J. Latest Technol. Eng. Manag. Appl. Sci., 7, 209 (2018).
Deshmukh WS, Attar SJ, Waghmare MD, Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol., 8, 217 (2009)
Nath SK, Dutta RK, Indian J. Chem. Technol., 17(2), 120 (2010)
Bhaumik R, Mondal NK, Das B, Roy P, Pal KC, Das C, E-Journal Chem., 9, 1457 (2012)
Jadhav AS, Jadhav MV, Int. J. Recent Dev. Eng. Technol., 2, 41 (2014)
Hadi M, Gholami S, Rao R, Lima EC, J. Environ. Manage., 286, 112173 (2021)
Viswanathan N, Meenakshi S, J. Hazard. Mater., 178(1-3), 226 (2010)
Wang J, Zhou K, Chen W, Zhang C, Liu X, Chen Q, Liu F, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35(8), 1636 (2018)
Pandi K, Periyasamy S, Viswanathan N, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 104, 1569 (2017)
Koilraj P, Kannan S, Chem. Eng. J., 234, 406 (2013)
Zereffa EA, Science A, Science A, Abebe B, Science A, Mater. Sci. Res. India, 16, 164 (2019)
Wu T, Mao L, Wang H, J. Fluor. Chem., 200, 8 (2017)
Tomar V, Prasad S, Kumar D, Microchem. J., 111, 116 (2013)
Rout TK, Verma R, Dennis RV, Banerjee S, J. Encapsulation Adsorpt. Sci., 5, 38 (2015)
Tolkou AK, Mitrakas M, Katsoyiannis IA, Ernst M, Zouboulis AI, Chemosphere, 231, 528 (2019)
Cho DW, Han YS, Lee J, Jang JY, Yim GJ, Cho S, Lee JS, Cheong YW, Chemosphere, 247, 8 (2020)
Singh J, Singh P, Singh A, Arab. J. Chem., 9, 815 (2016)
Gao S, Cui J, Wei Z, J. Fluor. Chem., 130, 1035 (2009)
LeVan MD, Vermeulen T, J. Phys. Chem., 85, 3247 (1981)
Inbaraj BS, Selvarani K, Sulochana N, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 61, 971 (2002)
Malakootian M, Moosazadeh M, Yousefi N, Fatehizadeh A, African J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 5, 299 (2011)
Ho YS, McKay G, Process Biochem., 34(5), 451 (1999)
Suneetha M, Sundar BS, Ravindhranath K, J. Anal. Sci. Technol., 6, 1 (2015)