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Language: English

Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received October 25, 2020
Accepted December 23, 2020

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effects of chloride and other anions on electrochemical chlorine evolution over self-doped TiO2 nanotube array

Teayoung Lee¹ Seongsoo Kim¹ Joon Young Choi² Changha Lee¹ Choonsoo Kim^3† Jeyong Yoon^{1 4†}

¹School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea ²Hyorim Industries Inc., 96-8, Yatab-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13517, Korea ³Department of Environmental Engineering and Institute of Energy/Environment Convergence Technologies, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Cheonan-si 31080, Korea ⁴Korea Environment Institute, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong-si 30147, Korea

choonsoo@kongju.ac.kr

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, April 2021, 38(4), 756-762(7), 10.1007/s11814-020-0738-4

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Abstract

Electrochemically reduced TiO2 nanotube arrays (r-TiO2 NTA) have emerged as an alternative that can replace the dimensionally stable anode (DSAR) due to comparable performance for chlorine evolution reaction (ClER). However, previous studies have reported applications of r-TiO2 NTA for ClER only under limited conditions (concentrated NaCl solution without other anions). Thus, the potential of r-TiO2 NTA for CIER has not yet been fully demonstrated. Therefore, this study focused on investigating ClER of r-TiO2 NTA under various parameters such chloride concentration (5-1,000mM) and the presence of other anions (i.e., SO4 2-, HPO4 2-, and CO3 2-). The results suggest that, at low chloride concentration (5-50mM NaCl), the r-TiO2 NTA exhibited higher performance for CIER (production rate of 3.35-9.82mg l-1 min-1, current efficiency of 14.43-42.04%, energy consumption of 69.24-11.02Wh g(Cl2)-1) than RuO2 (2.55-7.88mg l-1 min-1, 11.07-33.85% and 77.29-6.84Wh g(Cl2)-1, respectively). Additionally, other anions did not affect the ClER of r-TiO2 NTA more than RuO2. These can be explained by the indirect pathway of ClER in r- TiO2 NTA while the direct pathway of RuO2 was negatively affected by dilute chloride and other anions.

Keywords

Reduced TiO2 Nanotube Array Electrochemical Self-doping Chlorine Evolution Chloride Concentration Anion Effect Hydroxyl Radical

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