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Received December 30, 2020
Accepted February 26, 2021
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Green and mild production of 5-aminolevulinic acid from algal biomass
Binglin Chen1
Jiachen Li1
Yunchao Feng1
Kai Le1
Yuxia Zai1
Xing Tang1 2
Yong Sun1 2
Xianhai Zeng1 2†
Lu Lin1 2
1College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China 2Fujian Engineering and Research Centre of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, Xiamen 361102, China
xianhai.zeng@xmu.edu.cn
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2021, 38(5), 899-905(7), 10.1007/s11814-021-0774-8
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Abstract
Algal biomass was converted into 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in five chemical steps: conversion to 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (5-CMF), ammoniation, ring-opening (photo-oxidation), reduction, and hydrolyzation. Among them, we mainly focused on the 5-CMF production and the following ammoniation. To our knowledge, the mixed solvent catalytic system of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and low concentration hydrochloric acid is the first reported for the synthesis of 5-CMF from algal biomass, providing a 24.6% 5-CMF yield at 120 oC for 5 h. Potassium phthalimide (KPI) was employed as an ammoniation reagent with superb selectivity and activity instead of conventional sodium azide (NaN3). Optimizing the experimental design, a 23.7% 5-ALA yield along with high purity (>96%) was achieved from 5-CMF, and the total 5-ALA yield was 5.8% from algal biomass. This work provides a green and mild pathway for 5- ALA production from algal biomass.
Keywords
References
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