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Received November 9, 2020
Accepted March 2, 2021
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The role of contact time and input amount of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) on the catalyst lifetime and product selectivity in catalytic pyrolysis
Ali Anus
Mahshab Sheraz
Sangjae Jeong1
Caroline Mercy Andrew Swamidoss2
Young-Min Kim3
Muhammad Awais Aslam4
Eui-kun Kim5
Seungdo Kim†
Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea 1Department of Energy & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 31538, Korea 2Department of Chemistry, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, 600095, India 3Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea 4Research Center for Climate Change and Energy, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea 5Environment Strategy Development Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2021, 38(6), 1240-1247(8), 10.1007/s11814-021-0776-6
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Abstract
During catalytic pyrolysis of HFC-134a over γ-alumina, the formation of HF and coke causes catalyst deactivation. Catalyst deactivation and product selectivity depend on the contact time during catalytic pyrolysis of HFC-134a as reported in this paper. γ-Alumina calcined at 650 °C was used as the catalyst due to its higher quantity of acidic sites and larger surface area, which are crucial for catalytic pyrolysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the catalysts were performed to determine the influence of contact time and flow rate of HFC-134a. 2mL/min of HFC-134a balanced with nitrogen to 25, 50, 100, and 200mL/min total flow rates was studied at 600 °C. 200mL/min showed a 9.4 h catalyst lifetime with a small number of by-products. Shorter contact time between HFC-134a and HF with the catalyst was found to be the key to the longer lifetime of the catalyst. The catalyst lifetime was decreased with an increase in the HFC-134a input amount. Among 2, 4, and 6mL/min input of HFC-134a, 2mL/min showed the longest catalytic activity followed by 4 and 6mL/min, respectively. Conversion of γ-alumina into AlF3 and deposition of coke were responsible for the deactivation.
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Gandhi MS, Mok YS, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 12(2), 499 (2013)
Wang YF, Lee WJ, Chen CY, Hsieh LT, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38(9), 3199 (1999)
Takita Y, Tanabe T, Ito M, Ogura M, Muraya T, Yasuda S, Nishiguchi H, Ishihara T, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41(11), 2585 (2002)
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Iizuka A, Ishizaki H, Mizukoshi A, Noguchi M, Yamasaki A, Yanagisawa Y, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50(21), 11808 (2011)
Han TU, Yoo BS, Kim YM, Hwang, Sudibya GL, Park YK, Kim SD, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35(8), 1611 (2018)
Xu XF, Jeon JY, Choi MH, Kim HY, Choi WC, Park YK, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 266(1-2), 131 (2007)
Han W, Chen Y, Jin B, Liu H, Yu H, Greenh. Gases Sci. Technol., 4(1), 121 (2014)
Song JY, Chung SH, Kim MS, Seo MG, Lee YH, Lee KY, Kim JS, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 370, 50 (2013)
Jia W, Liu M, Lang X, Hu C, Li J, Zhu Z, Catal. Sci. Technol., 5(6), 3103 (2015)
Swamidos CMA, Sheraz M, Anus A, Jeong SJ, Park Y, Kim Y, Kim S, Catalysts, 9(3), 270 (2019)
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Ryu J, No K, Kim Y, Park E, Hong S, Sci. Rep., 6, 36176 (2016)
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Putun E, Energy, 35(7), 2761 (2010)
Jeong SJ, Sudibya GL, Jeon J, Kim Y, Swamidoss CMA, Kim S, Catalysts, 9(11), 901 (2019)
Tseng WJ, Chao PS, Ceram. Int., 39, 3779 (2013)
Spurr RA, Myers H, Anal. Chem., 29, 760 (1957)
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Krahl T, Kemnitz E, Catal. Sci. Technol, 7(4), 773 (2017)
Xi Z, Liu X, Li J, Yuan J, Jia W, Liu X, Liu M, Zhu Z, ChemistrySelect, 4(15), 4506 (2019)
Kim M, Kim Y, Youn J, Choi I, Hwang K, Kim SG, Park Y, Moon S, Lee KB, Jeon S, Catalysts, 10(7), 766 (2020)
