In photocatalysis, photons are absorbed by semiconductor materials and photogenerated electrons and holes migrate to the catalytic surface for desired reactions. Photocatalytic reduction and oxidation of organic molecules pose significant challenges and opportunities, with the surging demand for energy-efficient and carbon-neutral organic synthesis. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the expanding area of radical-driven photocatalytic transformation of organic molecules. Our focus expands from heterogeneous catalysts to quantum dots, summarizing the reaction mechanism and photocatalytic activity, in reference to conventional molecular catalysts.

Photocatalysis Semiconductor Materials Organic Transformations Reactive Radical Species Quantum Dots

Fujishima HKA, Nature, 238, 38 (1972)
Esswein MJ, Nocera DG, Chem. Rev., 107(10), 4022 (2007)
Kudo A, Miseki Y, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 253 (2009)
Holladay JD, Hu J, King DL, Wang Y, Catal. Today, 139, 244 (2009)
Maeda K, Domen K, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 1, 2655 (2010)
Kim WD, Kim JH, Lee S, Lee S, Woo JY, Lee K, Chae WS, et al., Chem. Mater., 28, 962 (2016)
Lee KH, Lee CH, Cheong JY, Lee SK, Kim ID, Joh HI, Lee DC, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 34(12), 3214 (2017)
Chen S, Takata T, Domen K, Nat. Rev. Mater., 2, 1 (2017)
Takata T, Jiang JZ, Sakata Y, Nakabayashi M, Shibata N, Nandal V, Seki K, Hisatomi T, Domen K, Nature, 581(7809), 411 (2020)
Yu JG, Low JX, Xiao W, Zhou P, Jaroniec M, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136(25), 8839 (2014)
Wang K, Li Q, Liu B, Cheng B, Ho W, Yu J, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 176-177, 44 (2015)
Cho H, Kim WD, Lee K, Lee S, Kang GS, Joh HL, Lee DC, Appl. Surf. Sci., 429, 2 (2018)
Cho H, Kim WD, Yu J, Lee S, Lee DC, ChemCatChem, 10, 5679 (2018)
Jeong S, Kim GM, Kang GS, Kim C, Lee H, Kim WJ, Lee YK, Lee S, Kim H, Lim HK, Lee DC, J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 29184 (2019)
Li D, Haneda H, Hishita S, Ohashi N, Chem. Mater., 17, 2596 (2005)
Mo J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Lamson JJ, Zhao R, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2229 (2009)
Ochiai T, Fujishima A, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev., 13, 247 (2012)
Ghosh I, Marzo L, Das A, Shaikh R, Konig B, Accounts Chem. Res., 49, 1566 (2016)
Lin SS, Ischay MA, Fry CG, Yoon TP, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133(48), 19350 (2011)
Cismesia MA, Yoon TP, Chem. Sci., 6, 5426 (2015)
Ahmed SN, Haider W, Nanotechnology, 29, 342001 (2018)
Huang C, Wen J, Shen Y, He F, Mi L, Gan Z, Ma J, Liu S, Ma H, Zhang Y, Chem. Sci., 9, 7912 (2018)
Adachi T, Latthe SS, Gosavi SW, Roy N, Suzuki N, Ikari H, Kato K, Katsumata K, Nakata K, Furudate M, Inoue T, Kondo T, Yuasa M, Fujishima A, Terashima C, Appl. Surf. Sci., 458, 917 (2018)
Zhang J, Chen X, Takanabe K, Maeda K, Domen K, Epping JD, Fu X, Antonieta M, Wang X, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 49, 441 (2010)
Zhu J, Xiao P, Li H, Carabineiro SAC, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 16449 (2014)
Zhang ZY, Edme K, Lian S, Weiss EA, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139(12), 4246 (2017)
Caputo JA, Frenette LC, Zhao N, Sowers KL, Krauss TD, Weix DJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139(12), 4250 (2017)
Caruge JM, Halpert JE, Wood V, Bulovi V, Bawendi MG, Nat. Photonics., 2, 247 (2008)
Wood V, Bulovic V, Nano Rev., 1, 5202 (2010)
Xu YF, Yang MZ, Chen BX, Wang XD, Chen HY, Kuang DB, Su CY, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139(16), 5660 (2017)
Ge L, Zuo F, Liu J, Ma Q, Wang C, Sun D, Bartels L, Feng P, J. Phys. Chem. C, 116, 13708 (2012)
Rabouw FT, de Mello Donega C, Top. Curr. Chem., 374 (2016)
Lee H, Yoon DE, Koh S, Kang MS, Lim J, Lee DC, Chem. Sci., 11, 2318 (2020)
Kim D, Lee DC, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 11, 2647 (2020)
Liu H, Li H, Lu J, Zeng S, Wang M, Luo N, Xu S, Wang F, ACS Catal., 8, 4761 (2018)
Wu X, Fang X, Xie S, Lin J, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Chen L, Wang Y, Nat. Catal., 1, 772 (2018)
Yin LX, Liebscher J, Chem. Rev., 107(1), 133 (2007)
Yeung CS, Dong VM, Chem. Rev., 111(3), 1215 (2011)
Miyaura N, Yamada K, Suzuki A, Tetrahedron Lett., 20, 3437 (1979)
Zoller J, Fabry CD, Rueping M, ACS Catal., 5, 3900 (2015)
Zhao Y, Antonietti M, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 129, 9464 (2017)
McClelland KP, Clemons TD, Stupp SI, Weiss EA, ACS Macro Lett., 9, 7 (2020)
Kuriechen SK, Murugesan S, Raj SP, J. Catal., 2013, 1 (2013)
Hirakawa T, Yawata K, Nosaka Y, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 325(1), 105 (2007)
Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 49(1), 1 (2004)
Auffan M, Pedeutour M, Rose J, Masion A, Ziarelli F, et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2689 (2010)
Li Y, Tang L, Peng S, Li Z, Lu G, CrystEngComm, 14, 6974 (2012)
Park H, Ou HH, Kang U, Choi J, Hoffmann MR, Catal. Today, 266, 153 (2016)
Mitkina T, Stanglmair C, Setzer W, Gruber M, Kisch H, Konig B, Org. Biomol. Chem., 10, 3556 (2012)
Jensen SC, Homan SB, Weiss EA, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 138(5), 1591 (2016)
Lian S, Christensen JA, Kodaimati MS, Rogers CR, Wasielewski MR, Weiss EA, J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 5923 (2019)
Thanh TH, Thanh DH, Lam VQ, Adv. Optoelectron., 2014, 9 (2014)
Cheng L, Xiang Q, Liao Y, Zhang H, Energy Environ. Sci., 11, 1362 (2018)
Noble A, MacMillan DWC, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136(33), 11602 (2014)
Kim D, Lee YK, Lee D, Kim WD, Bae WK, Lee DC, ACS Nano, 11, 12461 (2017)
Yoon DE, Kim WD, Kim D, Lee D, Koh S, Bae WK, Lee DC, J. Phys. Chem. C, 121, 24837 (2017)
Kim WD, Yoon DE, Kim D, Koh S, Bae WK, Chae WS, Lee DC, J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 9445 (2019)
Harris C, Kamat PV, ACS Nano, 4, 7321 (2010)
Ma C, Wu D, Yao X, Liu X, Wei M, Liu Y, Ma Z, Huo P, Yan Y, J. Alloy. Compd., 712, 486 (2017)
Xia W, Wu J, Hu JC, Sun S, Li MD, Liu H, Lan M, Wang F, ChemSusChem, 12, 4617 (2019)
Chakraborty IN, Roy S, Devatha G, Rao A, Pillai PP, Chem. Mater., 31, 2258 (2019)
Koh S, Eom T, Kim WD, Lee K, Lee D, Lee YK, Kim H, Bae WK, Lee DC, Chem. Mater., 29, 6346 (2017)
Lee DK, Koh SJ, Yoon DE, Lee SH, Kim WD,Kim DI, Bae WK, Lim JH, Lee DC, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36(9), 1518 (2019)
Koh S, Lee H, Lee T, Park K, Kim WJ, Lee DC, J. Chem. Phys., 151, 144704 (2019)
Kim WD, Kim D, Yoon DE, Lee H, Lim J, Bae WK, Lee DC, Chem. Mater., 31, 3066 (2019)
Li L, Reiss P, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130(35), 11588 (2008)
Martin JG, Hill RK, Chem. Rev., 61, 537 (1961)
Jiang X, Wang R, Chem. Rev., 113, 5515 (2013)
Guo Y, Chen T, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Fang X, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120, 25328 (2016)
Zhagn G, Lan ZA, Lin L, Lin S, Wang X, Chem. Sci., 7, 3062 (2016)
Wang X, Blechert S, Antonietti M, ACS Catal., 2, 1596 (2012)
Kang YY, Yang YQ, Yin LC, Kang XD, Liu G, Cheng HM, Adv. Mater., 27(31), 4572 (2015)
Zhu J, Xiao P, Li H, Carabineiro SAC, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 16449 (2014)
Hu S, Li F, Fan Z, Wang F, Zhao Y, Lv Z, Dalt. Trans., 44, 1084 (2014)
Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Jiang Y, Weiss EA, Schatz GC, Ratner MA, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 142, 15488 (2020)
Nakayama K, Maeta N, Horiguchi G, Kamiya H, Okada Y, Org. Lett., 21, 2246 (2019)
Huang Y, Zhu Y, Egap E, ACS Macro Lett., 7, 184 (2018)
Jiao X, Zheng K, Chen Q, Li X, Li Y, Shao W, Xu J, Zhu J, Pan Y, Sun Y, Xie Y, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 59, 15497 (2020)
Han G, Yan T, Zhang W, Zhang YC, Lee DY, Cao Z, Sun Y, ACS Catal., 9, 11341 (2019)
Gao Y, Zhang J, Chen X, Ma D, Yan N, Chempluschem, 79, 825 (2014)
Tsai YT, Chen CY, Hsieh YJ, Tsai ML, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2019, 4637 (2019)
Gazi S, Ng WKH, Ganguly R, Moeljadi AMP, Hirao H, Soo HS, Chem. Sci., 6, 7130 (2015)
Enright MJ, Gilbert-Bass K, Sarsito H, Cossairt BM, Chem. Mater., 31, 2677 (2019)
Mu W, Herrmann JM, Pichat P, Catal. Lett., 3, 73 (1989)
Almquist CB, Biswas P, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 214(2), 259 (2001)
Fujihira M, Satoh Y, Osa T, Nature, 293, 206 (1981)
Ohno T, Tokieda K, Higashida S, Matsumura M, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 244(2), 383 (2003)
Yoshida H, Yuzawa H, Aoki M, Otake K, Itoh H, Hattori T, Chem. Commun., 4634 (2008).
Wakerley DW, Kuehnel MF, Orchard KL, Ly KH, Rosser TE, Reisner E, Nat. Energy, 2, 1 (2017)
Charton M, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97, 3691 (1975)
Stefanidis D, Jencks WP, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 6045 (1993)
Uekert T, Kuehnel MF, Wakerley DW, Reisner E, Energy Environ. Sci., 11, 2853 (2018)
Uekert T, Kasap H, Reisner E, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 141(38), 15201 (2019)
Uekert T, Dorchies F, Pichler CM, Reisner E, Green Chem., 22, 3262 (2020)
Achilleos DS, Yang W, Kasap H, Savateev A, Markushyna Y, Durrant JR, Reisner E, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 59, 18184 (2020)
Pichler CM, Uekert T, Reisner E, Chem. Commun., 56, 5743 (2020)
Okada Y, Maeta N, Nakayama K, Kamiya H, J. Org. Chem., 83, 4948 (2018)