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Received February 3, 2021
Accepted April 23, 2021
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A comprehensive numerical design of firefighting systems for onshore petroleum installations
Iqrash Shafiq1
Murid Hussain1†
Sumeer Shafique1
Muhammad Haris Hamayun1
Muhammad Mudassir2
Zeeshan Nawaz3
Ashfaq Ahmed1 4†
Young-Kwon Park4†
1Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, M.A. Jinnah Building, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan 2Process Engineering Department, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3SABIC Technology & Innovation, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 4School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
drmhussain@cuilahore.edu.pk
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2021, 38(9), 1768-1780(13), 10.1007/s11814-021-0820-6
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Abstract
Petroleum facilities containing welded steel bulk flammable liquid product storage tanks possess sundry fire hazards inherent to the facility. These installations urgently require indigenous efficient firefighting systems. So, the efficient design of firewater and firefighting foam system is dynamic in controlling fire-related emergencies. The paper deals with the in-depth conceptualization of the design and analysis of firefighting systems for a typical petroleum handling, processing and storage facility in compliance with international standards. The study is aimed to formulate the elementary technique for designing an optimized firefighting system. The proposed objective was achieved by considering an ideal tank farm site that is most commonly located in a range of terminal stations, pumping stations, petroleum refineries, well sites, etc. Sufficient illumination was enumerated on the standardized classification of the liquid fuel product with respect their flammability range. Special guidelines regarding firefighting system design basis were defined and an optimized firefighting and foam system design was developed. Moreover, sufficient limitations that must be considered during the firefighting of huge tank fires are discussed. This comprehensive numerical design philosophy offers a simple and wide-ranging guide to industrial practitioners by formulating the principles for industrial firefighting system design.
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API RP 2001: Standard for fire protection in refineries, 10th Edition. (2012).
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IP19: Fire precautions at petroleum refineries and bulk storage installations (2012).
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Alimohammadi I, Iran J. Health Saf. Environ., 2(4), 385 (2015)
Parkash S, Petroleum Fuels Manufacturing, McGraw Hill Professional (2009).
Hsu CS, Robinson PR, Gasoline production and blending, in Springer handbook of petroleum technology, Springer, Switzerland (2017).
Aitani AM, Encyclopedia of Energy, 4, 715 (2004)
Rodante TV, Process Saf. Prog., 24(2), 98 (2005)
NFPA 22: Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection (2018).
Martin TJ, Fire-fighting foam technology. in foam engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. (2012).
NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (2018).
NFPA 15: Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection (2017).
Lim JW, J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 62, 103970 (2019)
Glatz J, Gorzas M, Hovanec M, Oil tank fire modelling for the purposes of emergency planning, ROUTLEDGE in association with GSE Research (2016).
Sutton I, Plant design and operations, Oxford: Gulf Professional Publishing, Cambridge (2017).
API RP 2030: Application of fixed water spray systems for fire protection in the petroleum and petrochemical industries, 4th Edition (2014).
Mansour KA, Fires in large atmospheric storage tanks and their effect on adjacent tanks, PhD Thesis (2012).
NFPA 16: Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems (2019).
Scheffey JL, Foam agents and AFFF system design considerations, in SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, (2016).
Zhang QL, Wang L, Bi YX, Xu DJ, Zhi HQ, Qiu PF, J. Hazard. Mater., 287, 87 (2015)
NFPA 11: Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam (2019).
API 650: Welded steel tanks for oil storage, 13th Edition (2020).
Xu-qing FP, Quan-Zhen L, Hong G, Procedia Eng., 11, 189 (2011)
DiNenno PJ, SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda (2008).
Adams JN, Chem. Eng. Prog., 93(12), 55 (1997)
