A suspended membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was employed to treat low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater. The suspended membranes amplified by Comamonas sp. YSF15 were collected to develop the SMBR, which showed excellent performance for nitrate (NO3_x000D_ -) removal. The maximum nitrate removal efficiency of 95.22% was obtained at an initial nitrate concentration of 20mg L-1, HRT of 6 h, and C/N=2.5 : 1 (molar ratio). In addition, the polysaccharide (PS) and protein (PN) compositions of the soluble microbial products (SMP), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the suspended membrane utilized its SMP and EPS as reserve C source to achieve higher denitrification performance under the low C/N ratio. With the increase of pH, the generated SMP and EPS in SMBR continued to increase. The increase in PS content was significantly greater than that of PN, thus forming a suspended membrane with a certain mechanical strength. Highthroughput sequencing data indicated that Comamonas sp. YSF15 played a key role in effective nitrate removal by SMBR. It can adapt to a nutrient-deficient environment, especially low (C/N) ratio, and greatly increase in the late operation of the reactor.

Exopolysaccharide High-throughput Sequencing Low C/N Ratio Nitrate Removal Suspended Membrane Bioreactor

Su JF, Yang S, Huang TL, Bai XC, Lu JS, He L, Li M, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36(7), 1140 (2019)
Paul B, Bhattacharya SS, Gogoi N, Sci. Total Environ., 762, 143171 (2020)
Wu ZZ, Su JF, Ali A, Hu XF, Wang Z, J. Hazard. Mater., 405, 124255 (2020)
Fan YY, Su J, Zheng ZJ, Gao J, Ali A, Bioresour. Technol., 320, 124280 (2021)
Tian T, Yu HQ, Bioresour. Technol., 229, 122686 (2020)
Machat H, Boudokhane C, Roche N, Dhaouadi H, Biochem. Eng. J., 151, 107313 (2019)
Zhang S, Su JF, Ali A, Zheng ZJ, Sun Y, Bioresour. Technol., 325, 124709 (2021)
Gu YF, Wei Y, Xiang QJ, Zhao K, Yu XM, Zhang XP, Li CN, Chen Q, Xiao H, Zhang XH, Sci. Total Environ., 651, 625 (2019)
He Y, Wang YH, Song XS, Bioresour. Technol., 203, 245 (2016)
Mohammed RN, Abu-Alhail S, Wu LX, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 31(10), 1798 (2014)
Feng XC, Bao X, Che L, Wu QL, Biochem. Eng. J., 165, 107811 (2021)
Chu LB, Wang JL, Chem. Eng. J., 170(1), 220 (2011)
Zhang XN, Sun YL, Ma F, Li A, Zhao HP, Wang A, Sci. Total Environ., 693, 133558 (2019)
Palani KN, Saravanan D, Palaniappan KV, Sundar S, Balasubramanian N, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36(2), 265 (2019)
Hou N, Wang QR, Sun Y, Li XY, Song QY, Jiang XX, Li BX, Zhao XY, Zhang HL, Li DP, Li CY, J. Hazard. Mater., 407, 124737 (2021)
Laspidou CS, Rittmann BE, Water Res., 36, 1983 (2002)
Hiebner DW, Barros C, Quinn L, Vitale S, Casey E, Biofilm, 2, 100029 (2020)
Ozturk A, Aygun A, Nas B, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36(2), 248 (2019)
Decho AW, Continental Shelf Research, 20, 1257 (2000)
Zhang Y, He X, Cheng P, Li XF, Wang SY, Xiong J, Li H, Wang ZY, Yi HS, Du HX, Liu J, Chen HW, Microbial Pathogenesis, 152, 104660 (2020)
Radzir NNM, Hanifah SA, Ahmad A, Hassan NH, Bella F, J. Solid State Electrochem., 19, 3079 (2015)
Piana G, Bella F, Geobaldo F, Meligrana G, Gerbaldi C, J. Energy Storage, 26, 100947 (2019)
Falco M, Castro L, Nair JR, Bella F, Barde F, Meligrana G, Gerbaldi C, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2, 1600 (2019)
Falco M, Simari C, Ferrara C, Nair JR, Meligrana G, Bella F, Nicotera I, Mustarelli P, Winter M, Gerbaldi C, Langmuir, 35(25), 8210 (2019)
Liu JW, Min SX, Wang F, Zhang ZG, Energy Technol., 8, 1 (2020)
Le N, Truong NTN, Le T, Pallaolu MR, Jeon HJ, Park CH, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 38(1), 187 (2021)
Liu C, Ren LH, Yan BH, Luo L, Zhang JC, Awasthi MK, Bioresour. Technol, 323, 124637 (2021)
Iannacone F, Di Capua F, Granata F, Gargano R, Pirozzi F, Esposito G, J. Environ. Manage., 250, 109518 (2019)
Zou JT, Li J, Ni YJ, Wei S, J. Environ. Sci., 50, 32 (2016)
Gou JW, Hong C, Deng M, Chen JY, Hou J, Li DP, He XG, Water, 11, 1640 (2019)
Su JF, Yang S, Huang TL, Li M, Liu JR, Yao YX, Environ. Pollut., 256, 113294 (2020)
Kunacheva C, Stuckey DC, Water Res., 61, 1 (2014)
Hao TW, Wei L, Lu H, Chui HK, Mackey HR, van Loosdrecht MCM, Water Res., 47, 7042 (2013)
Zuriaga-Agusti E, Bes-Pia A, Mendoza-Roca JA, Alonso-Molina JL, Sep. Purif. Technol., 112, 1 (2013)
Bistgani ZE, Siadat SA, Bakhshandeh A, Pirbalouti AG, Hashemi M, Crop J., 5, 407 (2017)
Yang Y, Zhang Y, Hu YS, Wang XC, Ngo HH, Chem. Eng. J., 383, 123186 (2020)
Gadow SI, Li YY, Bioresour. Technol. Rep., 9, 100388 (2020)
Zhang MJ, Leung KT, Lin HJ, Liao BQ, Chemosphere, 261, 128199 (2020)
Zhou WL, Sun YJ, Wu BT, Zhang Y, Huang M, Miyanaga T, Zhang ZJ, J. Environ. Sci., 23, 1761 (2011)
Li M, Du C, Lan M, Sun Z, Liu R, Li B, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 37(3), 525 (2020)
Chen DY, Gu XS, Zhu WY, He SB, Huang JC, Zhou WL, Bioresour. Technol., 285, 121313 (2019)
Ye FX, Peng G, Li Y, Chemosphere, 84, 1250 (2011)
Niu MQ, Zhang WJ, Wang DS, Chen Y, Chen RL, Bioresour. Technol., 144, 337 (2013)
Balzar S, J. Immunol. Res., 2017, 2711 (2017)
Kumar R, Mago G, Balan V, Wyman CE, Bioresour. Technol., 100(17), 3948 (2009)
Wang Z, Su JF, Hu XF, Ali A, Wu ZZ, J. Hazard. Mater., 406, 124748 (2021)
He YF, Pang YZ, Liu YP, Li XJ, Wang KS, Energy Fuels, 22(4), 2775 (2008)
Huang QJ, Shen YW, Wang YH, Xiao JM, Yuan HP, Lou ZY, Zhu NW, J. Clean Prod., 242, 118438 (2020)
Zhang S, Su JF, Zheng ZJ, Yang S, Bioresour. Technol., 314, 123733 (2020)
Gan YL, Ye ZF, Zhao QL, Li L, Lu XY, J. Clean Prod., 258, 120913 (2020)
Jia LX, Li C, Zhang Y, Chen YR, Li MQ, Wu SB, Wu HM, J. Environ. Manage., 270, 110912 (2020)
Su JF, Zhang YM, Liang DH, Wang JX, Wang Z, Li M, Bioresour. Technol., 286, 121407 (2019)
Zhan GQ, Zhang LX, Tao Y, Wang YJ, Zhu XY, Li DP, Electrochim. Acta, 135, 345 (2014)
Ma Z, Wen XH, Zhao F, Xia Y, Huang X, Waite D, Guan J, Bioresour. Technol., 133, 462 (2013)
Huang XJ, Weisener CG, Ni JP, He BH, Xie DT, Li ZL, Bioresour. Technol., 312, 123597 (2020)
Li CN, Yang JH, Wang X, Wang ET, Li BZ, He RX, Yuan HL, Bioresour. Technol., 182, 18 (2015)
Kumar V, Sharma N, Maitra SS, Biotechnol. Rep., 15, 1 (2017)