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Received February 2, 2022
Accepted May 11, 2022
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Comparative study of naproxen degradation via integrated UV/O3/PMS process: Degradation products, reaction pathways, and toxicity assessment
Mojtaba Pourakbar1
Farshid Ghanbari2
Amir Hossein Cheshme Khavar3
Maryam Khashij4
Mohammad Mehralian4
Ali Behnami1 5
Mohammad Satari6
Mostafa Mahdaviapour2
Ali Oghazyan7
Ehsan Aghayani2†
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran 2Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC), Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran 3Department of Chemistry, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 5Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran 7Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, October 2022, 39(10), 2725-2735(11), 10.1007/s11814-022-1172-6
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Abstract
The present study comprehensively investigated the degradation of naproxen (NPX) using UV/O3/peroxymonosulfate (PMS), UV/O3, UV/PMS, and O3/PMS processes. The effects of various parameters such as PMS and ozone dosage, pH, and NPX concentration were investigated on process performance. Scavenging tests were conducted to identify the dominant radical species. The results under the optimal conditions show that the UV/O3/PMS process is highly efficient for NPX degradation within 30 min of reaction time. Synergy index was also calculated and it was found that ozonation of the UV/PMS process leads to higher removal efficiency and a synergy effect of about 25% was calculated. It was also found that after complete destruction of NPX molecules, 76.9% of TOC was also removed. The final degradation by-products was tracked and it was proved that hydroxylation and decarboxylation were the main pathways in NPX degradation in the UV/O3/PMS reactor. It was also proved that ?OH was the main oxidizing agent in the UV/O3/PMS and accordingly the degradation mechanism of NPX was suggested. Cytotoxicity assessment of the process effluent indicated a noticeable reduction in the toxicity of the NPX-laden solution after treatment using UV/ O3/PMS process. Furthermore, cost analysis of the different oxidation processes for real wastewater indicated that UV/ O3/PMS is the most cost-effective process compared to that of other processes (112US$/m3). Accordingly, it can be put forth that the UV/O3/PMS process is a promising and reliable process for the degradation of naproxen.
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Shao Y, Pang Z, Wang L, Liu X, Molecules, 24(16), 2874 (2019)
Mao Y, Dong H, Liu S, Zhang L, Qiang Z, Water Res., 173, 115615 (2020)
Khashij M, Mehralian M, Chegini ZG, Pig. Resin Technol., 49(5), 363 (2020)
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Lin Z, Qin W, Sun L, Yuan X, Xia D, J. Water Process Eng., 38, 101636 (2020)
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Cuerda-Correa EM, Alexandre-Franco MF, Fernández-González C, Water, 12(1), 102 (2020)
Qin W, Lin Z, Dong H, Yuan X, Qiang Z, Liu S, Xia D, Water Res., 186, 116336 (2020)
Srithep S, Phattarapattamawong S, Chemosphere, 176, 25 (2017)
He X, Mezyk SP, Michael I, Fatta-Kassinos D, Dionysiou DD, J. Hazard. Mater., 279, 375 (2014)
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Liu X, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Fang L, Shao Y, Chemosphere, 93(11), 2717 (2013)
Izadifard M, Achari G, Langford CH, Water Res., 125, 325 (2017)
Moussavi G, Pourakbar M, Aghayani E, Mahdavianpour M, Chem. Eng. J., 350, 673 (2018)
Guo L, Zhong Q, Ding J, Ou M, Lv Z, Song F, Ozone-Sci. Eng., 38(5), 382 (2016)
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Xu Y, Wu Y, Zhang W, Fan X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Chem. Eng. J., 353, 626 (2018)
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Lim J, Hoffmann MR, Environ. Sci-Nano, 7(5), 1602 (2020)
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Clarizia L, Russo D, Di Somma I, Marotta R, Andreozzi R, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 209, 358 (2017)
Moussavi G, Rezaei M, Pourakbar M, Chem. Eng. J., 332, 140 (2018)
Moussavi G, Pourakbar M, Aghayani E, Mahdavianpour M, Shekoohyian S, Chem. Eng. J., 294, 273 (2016)
Zhou Y, Jiang J, Gao Y, Ma J, Pang SY, Li J, Lu XT, Yuan LP, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49(21), 12941 (2015)
Kanigaridou Y, Petala A, Frontistis Z, Antonopoulou M, Solakidou M, Konstantinou I, Deligiannakis Y, Mantzavinos D, Kondarides DI, Chem. Eng. J., 318, 39 (2017)
Gao X, Guo Q, Tang G, Peng W, Luo Y, He D, J. Water Reuse Desal., 9(3), 301 (2019)
Rekhate CV, Srivastava JK, Chem. Eng. J. Adv., 3, 100031 (2020)
Chou MS, Chang KL, Ozone-Sci. Eng., 29(5), 391 (2007)
Sharma J, Mishra IM, Dionysiou DD, Kumar V, Chem. Eng. J., 276, 193 (2015)
Scott M, Millar GJ, Altaee A, J. Water Process Eng., 31, 100806 (2019)
Liu G, Li X, Han B, Chen L, Zhu L, Campos LC, J. Hazard. Mater., 322, 461 (2017)
Méndez-Arriaga F, Giménez J, Esplugás S, J. Adv. Oxid. Technol., 11(3), 435 (2008)
Kanakaraju D, Motti CA, Glass BD, Oelgemöller M, Chemosphere, 139, 579 (2015)
Chin CJM, Chen TY, Lee M, Chang CF, Liu YT, Kuo YT, J. Hazard. Mater., 277, 110 (2014)
