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Received February 21, 2022
Accepted April 28, 2022
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Phosphonium based ionic liquids: Potential green solvents for separation of butanol from aqueous media
Advance Separation and Analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology(VNIT), Nagpur-440010, (Maharashtra), India
k_wasewar@rediffmail.com, klwasewar@che.vnit.ac.in
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, October 2022, 39(10), 2736-2742(7), 10.1007/s11814-022-1159-3
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Abstract
Depleting conventional resources leads to the development of alternate energy sources as a result of rising energy demand. As a result of its high energy content, bio-butanol is an appealing fuel. Yet, a fermentation method of butanol generation by acetone*butanol*ethanol using solventogenic Clostridium has significant limitations. In addition to repressing microbial movement (normally greater than 10 g/L), it also affects their production. In order to separate butanol from aging broth, various separation techniques can be used. As an alternative to traditional solvents, ionic liquids can be used as novel extractants to counter these problems. In the present paper, separation of butanol (simulated) from aqueous media utilizing typical hydrophobic ionic liquids was studied at 298±1 K. Various parameters, such as distribution coefficent (Kd), extraction efficiency (%η), diffusion coefficient, solvent-to-feed ratio diffusion coefficient, and number of stages necessary for butanol separation, have been studied. Separation of butanol from aqueous solutions (0.25-2.5 wt%)Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide-CYPHOS IL 109 THTDP [NTF2] ionic liquid, (purity ≥95.0%), Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride-CYPHOS IL 101 THTDP[Cl] (purity ≥95.0%), at ambient conditions (298.15±1 K) was carried out. The average separation efficiency of butanol was observed highest (%E 80.43) with hydrophobic THTDP [NTF2] ionic liquid. The maximum average distribution coefficient (Kd) 11.055 was found for RTIL ionic liquid THTDP [NTF2] compared to THTDP [Cl] ionic liquid. Minimum solvent-tofeed ratio was observed for ionic liquid, THTDP [NTF2], (S/Fmin, 0.3829) and for THTDP [Cl], (S/Fmin, 0.201). Due to excellent/better mixing blending properties with gasoline and diesel fuels, recovery of this prospective butanol by ionic liquid could be utilized in gasoline-driven combustion systems. It would be a more promising alternative to ethanol and gasoline for large-scale applications. Thus, after evaluating the above parameters, it has been determined that butanol would be the most effective renewable biofuel for commercialization using ionic liquids as an extractant.
Keywords
References
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Awang GM, Ingledew WM, Jones GA, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 38, 12 (1992)
Baer SH, Bryant DL, Blaschek HP, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55, 2729 (1989)
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Rabari D, Banerjee T, Fluid Phase Equilib., 355, 26 (2013)
Rabari D, Banerjee T, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 53, 18935 (2014)
Stoffers M, Górak A, Sep. Purif. Technol., 120, 415 (2013)
Marták J, Schlosser S, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 61, 2979 (2016)
Fadeev AG, Meagher MM, Chem. Commun., 3, 295 (2001)
Huddleston JG, Willauer HD, Swatloski RP, Visser AE, Rogers RD, Chem. Commun., 16, 1765 (1998)
Dai S, Ju YH, Barnes CE, J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans., 8, 120 (1999)
Taylor J, Introduction to error analysis, the study of uncertainties in physical measurements, University Science Books, Sausalito, California (1997).
Bevington PR, Robinson DK, Data reduction and error analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York (2003).
Beers Y, Introduction to the theory of error, Addison-Wesley Publish. Comp. Inc., Cambridge (1962)
Barford NC, Experimental measurements; precision, error and truth, Addison Wesley Pub. Co., London (1967).
Hawkins CE, Niewahner JH, Data analysis, graphing and report writing, 1st ed., Mohican Publishing Co., Loudonville, Ohio (1983).
Meyer SL, Data analysis for scientists and engineers, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1975).
Young HD, Statistical treatment, of experimental data, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1962).
Freire MG, Carvalho PJ, Gardas RL, Marrucho IM, Santos LM, Coutinho JA, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112, 1604 (2008)
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Wakai C, Oleinikova A, Ott M, Weingärtner H, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 17028 (2005)
