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Received August 18, 2021
Accepted October 24, 2021
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A Taguchi approach with electron-beam irradiation to optimize the efficiency of removing enrofloxacin from aqueous media
Hong Thi Bich Truong1
Hiep Nghia Bui2
Hieu Trung Nguyen3
Thanh-Luu Pham4 5
Duy Ngoc Nguyen6
Yuan-Shing Perng7
Linh Thi My Lam8 9
Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo10
Van-Truc Nguyen11
Ha Manh Bui11†
1Department of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Pham Van Dong University, Quang Ngai Province 57000, Vietnam 2Department of Environmental Engineering, Dayeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan 3Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province 75000, Vietnam 4Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam 5Institute of Tropical Biology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam 6Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam 7Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan 8Faculty of Education, An Giang University, An Giang Province 90000, Vietnam 9Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam 10Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam 11Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, April 2022, 39(4), 973-985(13), 10.1007/s11814-021-0995-x
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Abstract
Electron-beam (EB) irradiation was employed to degrade enrofloxacin (ENR) in an aqueous solution. The algal growth inhibition test revealed that ENR exhibited low toxicity against the cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp., with an EC50-96 h value of 5.17mg/L. The Taguchi design also involved finding the best optimum for ENR treatment using EB. Results revealed that the high-efficiency removal of ENR in an aqueous solution was approximately 98.53% under the optimum conditions of an absorbed dose of 5 kGy, a pH of 5.0, and an initial ENR concentration of 10 mg/L and an H2O2 concentration of 2mM. The ERR degradation under a couple of EB irradiation and H2O2 followed pseudo-firstorder kinetics, with an R2 of ~0.970. The major degradation pathways of ENR were suggested by density functional theory, natural bond orbital calculations, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was also performed to evaluate the impact of the EB on removing ENR; the industrial process was designed based on laboratory tests aimed with the ReCiPe tool. The obtained results indicated that energy consumption and H2O2 affect environmental impacts with order human health, ecology systems, and natural resource. The LCA also proved that EB could be a green and efficient method for eliminating pharmaceutical contaminants in water.
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