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Received September 13, 2021
Accepted December 15, 2021
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Ultrasonication coupled electrochemical treatment of sugar industry wastewater: Optimization, and economic evaluation
Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
bits.iitr@gmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 2022, 39(7), 1821-1830(10), 10.1007/s11814-021-1046-3
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Abstract
This study demonstrates the optimization of treatment option, an integrated advanced-oxidation process (AOP) based approach where integration of two processes, ultrasonication (US) and electrocoagulation (EC), were applied for sugar industry wastewater (SIW) treatment. Experimental results confirm that the individual US and EC processes for SIW treatment are found to be inefficient, as only 16% COD removal (equivalent to COD removal: 268mg/L) is achieved with US process in 20min, while 68% COD removal (equivalent to COD removal: 1,142mg/L) is achieved in 60 min operation time with EC process. Encouraging results were obtained after integration of US (10.6% COD removal in 20min equivalent to COD removal from 1,680mg/L to 1,502mg/L) with EC (82% COD removal in 30 min equivalent to COD removal from 1,502mg/L to 270mg/L) process, which is collectively classified as ultrasonication-electrochemical (US+EC) process. Overall integration of US and EC process ultimately increased the COD removal up to ~84% (equivalent to COD removal from 1,680mg/L to 270mg/L) in comparatively shorter operating time (US+EC=30min). Calorific value of sludge and scum obtained after EC treatment was determined as 3.69 and 2.87MJ/kg, respectively. Treatment cost of sono-electrochemical is estimated based on 1 kg COD removal or 1m3 wastewater as 1.40 or 1.974 $, respectively, which is found on lower ends when compared with the many other available treatment technologies.
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References
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Aluminium Plates/Sheets Prices - Per KG Prices - Buy Nowat .
Tariff order by U.P. Electricity Regulatory Commissionat .
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Babaei AA, Ghanbari F, J. Water Reuse Desalin., 6, 484 (2016)
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Iskurt C, Keyikoglu R, Kobya M, Khataee A, Sep. Purif. Technol., 248, 117043 (2020)
Tizaoui C, Bouselmi L, Mansouri L, Ghrabi A, J. Hazard. Mater., 140, 316 (2007)
Kobya M, Omwene PI, Ukundimana Z, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8, 103526 (2020)
Babu DS, Singh TSA, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS, Sep. Sci. Technol., 55, 3195 (2020)
Kushwaha JP, Desalin. Water Treat., 53, 309 (2015)
Yadav M, Yadav RK, Gole VL, Microb. Ecol. Wastewater Treat. Plants, Elsevier (2021).
Poddar PK, Sahu O, Appl. Water Sci., 7(1), 461 (2017)
Qi K, Li Z, Zhang C, Tan X, Wan C, Liu X, Wang L, Lee DJ, Biochem. Eng. J., 161, 107711 (2020)
Yang L, Sheng M, Li Y, Xue W, Li K, Cao G, Chemosphere, 238, 124639 (2020)
Kumari U, Mishra A, Siddiqi H, Meikap BC, J. Clean Prod., 279, 123645 (2021)
Kumari U, Biswas S, Meikap BC, Environ. Technol. Innov., 18, 100782 (2020)
Peng H, Guo J, Environ. Chem. Lett., 18, 2055 (2020)
Irani E, Amoli-Diva M, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 391, 112359 (2020)
Arulmathi P, Jeyaprabha C, Sivasankar P, Rajkumar V, CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 47, 1800464 (2019)
Bruno P, Campo R, Giustra MG, De Marchis M, Di Bella G, J. Water Process Eng., 34, 101156 (2020)
Giannakis S, Lin KYA, Ghanbari F, Chem. Eng. J., 406, 127083 (2021)
Khan AH, Khan NA, Ahmed S, Dhingra A, Singh CP, Khan SU, Mohammadi AA, Changani F, Yousefi M, Alam S, J. Clean Prod., 269, 122411 (2020)
Chanikya P, Nidheesh PV, Babu DS, Gopinath A, Kumar MS, Sep. Purif. Technol., 254, 117570 (2021)
Garcia-Segura S, Qu X, Alvarez PJJ, Chaplin BP, Chen W, Crittenden JC, Feng Y, Gao G, He Z, Hou CH, Hu X, Jiang G, Environ. Sci. Nano, 7, 2178 (2020)
Patel RK, Shankar R, Khare P, Mondal P, Sep. Purif. Technol., 271, 118874 (2021)
Bhave PP, Naik S, Salunkhe SD, Water Conserv. Sci. Eng., 5, 23 (2020)
Hakke VS, Seepana MM, Sonawane SH, Kola AK, Vooradi R, Water pollution and remediation: Heavy metals, Springer, Switzerland (2021).
Bilińska L, Blus K, Gmurek M, Ledakowicz S, Chem. Eng. J., 358, 992 (2019)
Zazou H, Afanga H, Akhouairi S, Ouchtak H, Addi AA, Akbour RA, Assabbane A, Douch J, Elmchaouri A, Duplay J, Jada A, Hamdani M, J. Water Process Eng., 28, 214 (2019)
Padoley KV, Tembhekar PD, Saratchandra T, Pandit AB, Pandey RA, Mudliar SN, Bioresour. Technol., 120, 157 (2012)
Chakraborty D, Shelvapulle S, Reddy KR, Kulkarni RV, Puttaiahgowda YM, Naveen S, Raghu AV, J. Microbiol. Methods, 160, 93 (2019)
Scherzinger M, Kaltschmitt M, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 137, 110627 (2021)
Tanikawa D, Kataoka T, Hirakata Y, Hatamoto M, Yamaguchi T, Process Saf. Environ. Protect., 138, 256 (2020)
Sangave PC, Pandit AB, Ultrason. Sonochem., 11, 197 (2004)
Patil VV, Gogate PR, Bhat AP, Ghosh PK, Sep. Purif. Technol., 239, 116594 (2020)
Wang C, Peng Z, Feng K, Chen Z, Liu H, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 27(18), 22902 (2020)
Menon P, Singh TSA, Pani N, Nidheesh PV, Chemosphere, 269, 128739 (2021)
Farhadi N, Tabatabaie T, Ramavandi B, Amiri F, Environ. Res., 198, 111260 (2021)
Znad H, Al-Mohammedawi H, Awual MR, Biomass Bioenerg., 144, 105899 (2021)
McCabe WL, Smith JC, Harriott P, Unit operations of chemical engineering, McGraw-Hill, Inc. (1993).
Khare P, Patel RK, Sharan S, Shankar R, Advanced oxidation processes for effluent treatment plants, Elsevier (2021).
Poon CS, Huang Q, Fung PC, Chemosphere, 38, 1005 (1999)
Hay JXW, Wu TY, Juan JC, Jahim JMD, Energy Conv. Manag., 106, 576 (2015)
Anbalagan S, Ponnusamy SK, Selvam SRP, Sankaranarayan A, Dutta A, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33, 2716 (2016)
Sahu RK, Shankar R, Mondal P, Chand S, Desalin. Water Treat., 54, 1912 (2015)
Shankar R, Varma AK, Mondal P, Chand S, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 38, 13139 (2019)
Prajapati AK, Process Saf. Environ. Protect., 150, 314 (2021)
Prajapati AK, Chaudhari PK, Pal D, Chandrakar A, Choudhary R, J. Water Process Eng., 11, 1 (2016)
Majid I, Nayik GA, Nanda V, Cogent Food Agric., 1, 1071022 (2015)
Kehinde BA, Sharma P, Kaur S, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 61, 599 (2021)
Carpenter J, Saharan VK, Ultrason. Sonochem., 35, 422 (2017)
General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants Part- A: Effluents, (1986).at
Bargole S, Carpenter J, George S, Saharan VK, Chem. Eng. Process., 122, 21 (2017)
Sahu O, Rao DG, Thangavel A, Ponnappan S, Int. J. Sustain. Eng., 11, 16 (2018)
Shankar R, Singh L, Mondal P, Chand S, World J. Environ. Eng., 1, 16 (2013)
Narayanan KV, Lakshmikutty B, Stoichiometry and process calculations, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. (2016).
Mishra A, Nath A, Pande PP, Shankar R, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 138, 50242 (2021)
Varma AK, Thakur LS, Shankar R, Mondal P, Waste Manage., 89, 224 (2019)
Das SK, Guha AK, J. Hazard. Mater., 167, 685 (2009)
Aluminium Plates/Sheets Prices - Per KG Prices - Buy Nowat .
Tariff order by U.P. Electricity Regulatory Commissionat .
Kobya M, Gengec E, Demirbas E, Chem. Eng. Process., 101, 87 (2016)
Babaei AA, Ghanbari F, J. Water Reuse Desalin., 6, 484 (2016)
Tsioptsias C, Petridis D, Athanasakis N, Lemonidis I, Deligiannis A, Samaras P, J. Environ. Manage., 164, 104 (2015)
Iskurt C, Keyikoglu R, Kobya M, Khataee A, Sep. Purif. Technol., 248, 117043 (2020)
Tizaoui C, Bouselmi L, Mansouri L, Ghrabi A, J. Hazard. Mater., 140, 316 (2007)
Kobya M, Omwene PI, Ukundimana Z, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8, 103526 (2020)
