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Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received May 4, 2022
Accepted June 19, 2022

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Species resolved interaction mechanism between graphene oxide and Cu(II) in aqueous solution with implications on wastewater remediation

Chaoke Bulin^† Ting Guo¹ Ruichao Zhao^2† Rongxiang Zheng Bangwen Zhang³ Fang Liu⁴

College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China ¹College of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China ²Analysis and Testing Center, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China ³School of Materials and Metallurgy, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China ⁴Inner Mongolia Jincai Mining Company Limited, Hohhot 010010, P. R. China

quan820720@126.com

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, January 2023, 40(1), 162-174(13), 10.1007/s11814-022-1211-3

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Abstract

Heavy metals discharged into water by industrial activity give rise to severe environmental pollution. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared based on an improved Hummers method and utilized as adsorbent to remove aqueous Cu(II). The “species resolved” adsorption mechanism was deeply inspected via combining multiple explorations extracted from Cu(II) species distribution, GO surface charge, adsorption experiment and fitting, hardsoft acid-base (HSAB) theory, FTIR and XPS spectra. Different adsorption mechanism resolved by Cu(II) species was proposed, corresponding to different pH range. (1) When pH<8, bare Cu2+ is the dominant Cu(II) species, ion exchange and chemical complexation are the adsorption mechanism. (2) When pH=8, Cu(OH)2 is the dominant Cu(II) species, precipitation, ion exchange and chemical complexation are the adsorption mechanism. (3) When pH>8, Cu(OH)3- is the dominant Cu(II) species, electrostatic attraction is the adsorption mechanism. Electron transfer and energy lowering calculated based on the HSAB theory demonstrates, OH is stronger than COOH regarding binding affinity towards Cu(II). As for adsorption efficiency, adsorption of Cu(II) onto GO equilibrated in 12min, with adsorption percent and quantity 92.32% and 553.90mg·g-1, respectively. Findings of this work may shed light on the interaction mechanism of graphene oxide with heavy metals. Accordingly, these as clarified mechanisms may provide guidance for developing efficient adsorbent based on graphene for heavy metal scavenging.

Keywords

Graphene Oxide Cu(II) HSAB Theory Species Resolved Interaction Mechanism

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