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Language: English

Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received July 20, 2022
Revised October 4, 2022
Accepted October 26, 2022

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamics of discarded Bakelite

Pabitra Mohan Mahapatra¹ Achyut Kumar Panda^1† Sahin Ahmed² Sachin Kumar³

¹Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India, PIN 768018 ²Department of Civil Engg., Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India, PIN 768018 ³Department of Energy Engineering, CoE-GEET, Central University of Jharkhand Brambe, Ranchi, India-835205

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2023, 40(6), 1380-1388(9), 10.1007/s11814-022-1326-6

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Abstract

bstractThe thermal degradation kinetics of discarded Bakelite was studied by using different model fitting, modelfree methods (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Friedman (FRM), Starink (STR), Li and Tang (LTA), Vyazovkin (VYZ), Avrami (AVM)) and Master plot (MP), for computing the kinetics triplets (A, Ea, and n) and also predict a suitable mechanism. The thermal degradation experiment of the sample was carried out from ambient to 1,000 o C at five different heating rates 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 o C/min. under inert gas N2 atmosphere. The thermal degradation of discarded Bakelite shows an order-based F5 - model mechanism with the activation energy (Ea) of 213 KJ/mol, and the accuracy of the Ea was also proved by KAS, FWO, and VYZ iso-conversional method. The ordered-based model for the reaction mechanism was also explained by the master plot (MP). Based on the results of the non-linear method (VYZ), the mean error percentage of Ea, which is tested for various linear ways, was found toincrease in the following order: FWO<KAS<STR<FRM<LTA and ranged from 0.115% to 23.492% for the degradation of discarded Bakelite. The change in free energy (G), change in enthalpy (H), and change in entropy (S) are 560.743 KJ/mol, 100.835 KJ/mol, and 820.989×103 JK1 mol1 ,respectively. The complete kinetic and thermodynamics analysis of the thermal degradation would help to design a process for the conversion of these wastes to high-valued carbonaceous products.

Keywords

Discarded Bakelite Thermal Degradation Kinetics Model-free and Model Fitting Methods

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