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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received February 9, 2023
Revised April 8, 2023
Accepted April 17, 2023
- Acknowledgements
- This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (No.2022R1A5A1032539).
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Wastewater from the textile industry: Review of the technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse
Ali Ahsan1
Farrukh Jamil1†
Moeen Ali Rashad1
Murid Hussain1†
Abrar Inayat2
Parveen Akhter3
Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb4
Kun-Yi Andrew Lin5
YoungKwon Park6†
1Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan 2Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 3Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan 4Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman 5Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan 6School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
fjamil@cuilahore.edu.pk, drmhussain@cuilahore.edu.pk, ykpark0426@gmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2023, 40(9), 2060-2081(22), 10.1007/s11814-023-1475-2
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Abstract
The textile industry is water intensive and discharges numerous coloring compounds into the water body
that depend on the industry’s geographical location, the wet processes used for manufacturing, processing conditions,
and the substrates involved. Textile wastewater contains chlorobenzenes, phthalates, heavy metals, azo dyes, and chlorophenols that have severe health issues, such as being allergenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic
threats to living organisms. The differing concentrations of sulfates, chlorides, TOC, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, high pH,
and dye content characterize textile wastewater. To protect the environment and public health, a higher concentration
of these items in textile wastewater is needed to treat the textile wastewater effluent before discharge. The conventional
treatment methods are not able to fully remove the pollutants, such as physical treatments can only remove grease, oil,
and TSS, whereas biological wastewater treatment (aerobic and anaerobic) can only decrease colors, COD, BOD, oil,
and phenol with a higher accomplishment period and by-products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective ecofriendly, cost-effective, novel techniques, such as membrane technology, and a promising method with fewer by-products. The activated carbon method effectively removes heavy metals and dyes from the textile wastewater, and advanced
oxidation processes (AOPs) are a recent development in textile wastewater treatment processes. Combining AOPs
methods has been proven effective in removing pollutants when combined with biological and advanced physical processes. This paper reviews the textile manufacturing process, textile wastewater characteristics, textile wastewater’s
impact on the environment and health, and the available textile wastewater treatment approach.
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