Radiation-shielding is essential in fi elds involving storage and transport of radiation active material, such as medicine and

nuclear engineering. The risk of radiation spill is a source of constant concern with its potential impact on local environment

and life. Radiation spills that occur in laboratory are considered minor and containment of radiations in such cases using

conventional techniques is not practical. Current practice involves using a suitable chemical absorbent, cleaning the spill

region using agents and requires monitoring the spill region regularly for activity. Although this technique is eff ective in

managing minor/laboratory grade spills, it requires careful application and constant monitoring before the area can be deemed

safe for work. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of the radiation-shielding properties of polymer nanocomposites and

their fabrication. The paper outlines radiation-shielding mechanisms, measurement of radiation attenuation, and factors that

infl uence radiation attenuation. The review also compares analytical attenuation measurement methods against experimental

methods. This review would be helpful in not only understanding the underlying energy transfer mechanism, but also aid in

exploring polymer nano-composite materials as a viable green option for containing medium to low-level radiation spills.