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- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received February 12, 2024
Accepted July 28, 2024
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Characterization of the Ge@GeO 2 -C Composite Anode Synthesized Using a Simple High-Energy Ball-Milling Process for Li-Ion Batteries
Abstract
To address the limitations of the current anodes of Li + -ion batteries (LIBs), a Ge/GeO 2 /carbon (Ge@GeO 2 -C) composite was
designed by introducing a high-energy ball-milling process for advanced LIBs. Ge@GeO 2 -C is prepared and characterized by
XPS, XRD, SEM, and TEM, which facilitate synthesis and provide controllability with respect to milling time. Interestingly,
as the ball-milling time increased, the proportion of metallic Ge increased during the carbon thermal reduction reaction. The
electrochemical characteristics of Ge@GeO 2 -C are assessed using diff erential capacity analysis (dQ/dV) and galvanostatic
charge–discharge techniques to confi rm its viability as an anode material in LIBs. The results demonstrate decent initial and
secondary capacities of approximately 1800 mAh g −1 (for the fi rst cycle) and 838 mAh g −1 (for the second cycle) at a rate
of C/60 by the reaction between Ge and the Li–Ge complex. Furthermore, post-mortem characterization was performed to
gain an understanding of the material, suggesting future prospects for advanced LIBs.
