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Optimization of Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nickel Oxide with Flower-Like Structure
Abstract
Herein, nano-fl ower NiO is successfully fabricated via a simple hydrothermal process using urea and nickel(II) nitrate as
reactants, followed by a calcination reaction. Final products with diff erent morphologies are obtained by varying the molar
ratio of the reactants, varying the solvent, and using a surfactant. The results reveal that the NiO particles obtained using a
molar ratio of 1:2 (Ni: urea) in a mixture of water and ethanol as the solvent and in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium
bromide (CTAB) exhibit the best uniformity and an excellent BET specifi c surface area of 62.97 m 2 g –1 . The increase
in uniformity and decrease in particle size can be attributed to the ethanol in the solvent, which slows ion diff usion in the
solution and CTAB, thereby controlling the growth of particles.
