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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Received September 21, 2023
Accepted December 21, 2023
- This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Characterization of Ceramic Beads for the Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Wastewater and Prediction of Their Adsorption Properties by In Silico Quantitative Structure–Adsorption Relationship Modeling
Abstract
This study shows that ceramic beads, which are often used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment, can adsorb a wide range of
organic micropollutants in both ionic and non-ionic forms, and the adsorption properties can be characterized through experimental
studies and theoretical modeling. Actually, since there is a myriad type of chemicals, there is a limit to experimentally
investigating the adsorption properties of ceramic beads. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the adsorption properties
experimentally, while a prediction model for the adsorption relationship between ceramic beads and chemicals is developed.
In this study, the adsorption properties of ceramic beads, as estimated by performing isotherms and fi tting Langmuir and
Freundlich models, were predicted using linear free energy relationship descriptors comprising in silico calculated descriptors.
In addition, the Langmuir model derives maximum uptake ( q m ) and adsorption affi nity ( b ), and the Freundlich model
estimates equilibrium constant ( K F ), meaning maximum uptake, and Freundlich exponent ( n ), as an indicator of adsorption
compatibility. The results demonstrated that ceramic beads can be considered a suitable type of adsorbent and have heterogeneous
adsorptions, as confi rmed by Freundlich fi tting. In the modeling study, it was checked that the employed linear
free energy relationship (LFER) model could not be used to predict the heterogeneous adsorption properties estimated by
the Freundlich model, while it could predict the homogeneous properties estimated by the Langmuir model. The developed
model could predict the q m in R 2 of 0.70 with a standard error of 0.22 log units and the adsorption affi nity (log b ) in R 2 of
0.71 with a standard error of 0.38 log units. These results will help predict the adsorption properties of unstudied micropollutants
on ceramic beads.