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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received March 24, 2024
Accepted June 24, 2024
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Production of Glycerol-Free Biodiesel Using Pollen-Derived CaO Heterogeneous Catalyst
Abstract
Rape pollen with fi shnet-like network structure has been used as support in the construction of high dispersion CaO materials
assigned to CaO(P) (“P” was symbol of the precipitation method). Eff ect of various preparation conditions such as calcination
temperature was evaluated following the performance for no-glycerol biodiesel preparation. The relatively well activity
was observed by yielding to no-glycerol biodiesel of 92.69% in the rapeseed 1/1/8 mixture of oil–methyl acetate–methanol
at 65 °C for 3 h over 10 wt% of 1/1-CaO(P)-700 which is better than 80% over commercial CaO. In addition, the catalytic
performance of reused catalyst was also investigated. TGA–DSC and BET studies showed that the catalyst has good thermal
stability and high surface area with hierarchical microstructures with large and mesopores on the surface, respectively. Furthermore,
hierarchical basicity has been also established which provided various active sites for the heterogeneous reaction.
