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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Received February 8, 2024
Accepted March 26, 2024
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Analysis of Gaseous Hydrogen Refueling Process to Develop Thermodynamic Model
Abstract
Hydrogen is an energy source that is expected to play a major role in energy transition policies that replace fossil fuels. Currently,
the main demand for hydrogen is the transportation sector. As the number of fuel cell electric vehicles increases, it
has become essential to develop a hydrogen refueling protocol which is a method of safely fi lling hydrogen associated with
hydrogen refueling stations. Hydrogen refueling protocols are proposed to be developed based on thermodynamic models
and verifi ed through experimental studies. Developing a simulation model requires thermodynamic analysis of the hydrogen
fi lling process, but such research has not been conducted. In this study, thermodynamic phenomena are analyzed, which take
place during the high-pressure hydrogen refueling process using a generic correlation equation with diff erent coeffi cients
corresponding to various thermodynamic properties. By quantitatively analyzing the Joule-Thompson eff ect which occurs
when hydrogen is supplied to an on-board tank, the degree of temperature rise is estimated depending on the hydrogen
refueling station operation method. The quantitative contribution of kinetic energy is also analyzed. The kinetic energy is
often ignored in a governing equation of thermodynamic models expressed as an energy balance but it is revealed that the
term cannot be ignored in high-fl ow fi lling process. Inaccuracy which arises when stagnation enthalpy is used instead of
static enthalpy in a thermodynamic model is also reviewed, providing a basis for developing a new thermodynamic model.
References
the main demand for hydrogen is the transportation sector. As the number of fuel cell electric vehicles increases, it
has become essential to develop a hydrogen refueling protocol which is a method of safely fi lling hydrogen associated with
hydrogen refueling stations. Hydrogen refueling protocols are proposed to be developed based on thermodynamic models
and verifi ed through experimental studies. Developing a simulation model requires thermodynamic analysis of the hydrogen
fi lling process, but such research has not been conducted. In this study, thermodynamic phenomena are analyzed, which take
place during the high-pressure hydrogen refueling process using a generic correlation equation with diff erent coeffi cients
corresponding to various thermodynamic properties. By quantitatively analyzing the Joule-Thompson eff ect which occurs
when hydrogen is supplied to an on-board tank, the degree of temperature rise is estimated depending on the hydrogen
refueling station operation method. The quantitative contribution of kinetic energy is also analyzed. The kinetic energy is
often ignored in a governing equation of thermodynamic models expressed as an energy balance but it is revealed that the
term cannot be ignored in high-fl ow fi lling process. Inaccuracy which arises when stagnation enthalpy is used instead of
static enthalpy in a thermodynamic model is also reviewed, providing a basis for developing a new thermodynamic model.
