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MASS TRANSFER STUDIES ON MULTIPLE EMULSION AS A CONTROLLED MASS RELEASE SYSTEM
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 1990, 7(3), 163-168(6), 10.1007/BF02697347
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Abstract
A novel type of multiple emulsions which contain a microemulsion in macrodroplets, was prepared by a two-step emulsification procedure. Mineral oil was used as the oil phase with a mixture of Aerosol OT and Span 20 as primary emulsifiers. A water-in-oil microemulsion was prepared by gradual addition of water in oil containing both these emulsifiers. This microemulsion system, when dispersed in an aqueous solution containing secondary emulsifier, produces water-in-oil-in water(W/O/W) multiple emulsions. The release rate of solute dissolved in the internal aqueous phase was measured using the dialysis technique. A theoretical model describing the diffusion of a multiple emulsion system was developed, which predicts the half-life for 50% of the internal solute to diffuse to the external phase. Experimental results showed the stability of multiple emulsions improved significantly upon using a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion as a primary emulsion and a polymeric surfactant as a secondary emulsifier. As a result, half-life of these multiple emulsions is greater than that of conventional multiple emulsions.
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Becher P, "Emulsions: Theory and Practice," Krieger Pub., New York, NY (1977)
Prince LM, "Microemulsions: Theory and Practice," Academic Press, New York, NY (1977)
Florence AT, Whitehill D, Int. J. Pharm., 11, 277 (1982)
Vlatsumoto S, "Macro and Microemulsions," D.O. Shah, Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. 272, p. 415, Washington, D.C. (1985)
Li NN, AIChE J., 17, 459 (1971)
Marr R, Kopp A, Int. Chem. Eng., 22, 44 (1982)
Ho WS, Hatton TA, Lightfoot EN, Li NN, AIChE J., 28, 662 (1982)
Li NN, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 10, 215 (1971)
Cahn RP, Li NN, J. Membr. Sci., 1, 129 (1976)
Stroeve P, Varanasi PP, Sep. Purif. Methods, 11, 29 (1982)
Brodin AF, Kavaliunas DR, Frank SG, Acta Pharm. Suec., 15, 1 (1978)
Chiang C, Fuller GC, Frankenfeld JW, Rhodes CT, J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 63 (1978)
Whitehill D, Chem. Druggist, 213, 130 (1980)
Florence AT, Whitehill D, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 34, 687 (1982)
Hansch C, Dunn WJ, J. Pharm. Sci., 61, 1 (1972)
Goldup A, Ohki S, Danielii JF, "Recent Progress in Surface Science," Danielli, J.F. Riddiford, A.C. and Rosenberg, M.D., Ed., Vol. 3, p. 193, Academic Press, New York, NY (1970)
Johnson KA, Shah DO, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 107, 269 (1985)
Tuwiner SB, "Diffusion and Membrane Technology," Reinhold, New York, NY (1962)
Florence AT, Whitehill D, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 79, 243 (1981)
Stroeve P, Varanasi PP, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 99, 360 (1984)
Kita Y, Matsumoto S, Yonezawa D, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 62, 87 (1977)
Matsumoto S, Inoue T, Kohda M, Ohta T, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 77, 564 (1980)
