Fluoride ions are commonly found in minerals like mica, fl uorapatite, muscovite, topaz, biotite, sellaite, cryolite, muscovite,

and fl uorspar. However, the presence of fl uoride in groundwater has become a concern due to its contamination by wastewater

from coal thermal power stations, aluminium smelters, electroplating-based industries, and glass and ceramic manufacturing

facilities. While low fl uoride consumption has some health benefi ts, excessive intake can lead to serious health issues such as

crippling skeletal fl uorosis, Alzheimer’s syndrome, carcinogenic eff ects, infertility, and thyroid disorders. To address these

chronic health impacts, there has been signifi cant research to fi nd out sustainable and highly effi cient methods for fl uoride

removal. This review paper overviews various defl uorination techniques, such as precipitation and coagulation, ion exchange,

electrodialysis or reverse osmosis (RO), nano-fi ltration, adsorption, with their various advantages and drawbacks. The present

review aims to provide insight knowledge of importance of fl uoride, its toxicity issues and their available removal strategies

and their limitations. This will help the researchers in developing cost-eff ective, environmentally friendly, and convenient

techniques for defl uorination in diff erent matrices. The paper encourages scientists to work towards achieving reliable and

eco-friendly defl uorination methods for future application.