A serious hazard to humankind has resulted from the uncontrolled use of dyes in numerous industrial areas, including

textiles, paints, paper, and personal care goods. Over the past two decades, numerous research teams have contributed to

fi nding a suitable remedy for such dye pollution. Depending on the restrictions of the experiment, the report shows varied

degrees of elimination of water-contaminated sources. Malachite green is a recalcitrant dye that augments numerous health

problems and environmental concerns. This review paper provides a critical overview and comparative analysis of the malachite

green (MG) dye removal performance provided by natural and synthetic adsorbents under varying conditions. Natural

adsorbents, notably those derived from plants, are renowned for being readily available, aff ordable, non-toxic, sustainable,

bio-degradable, and enjoy an edge as environmentally friendly. On the other hand, synthetic adsorbents have an advantage

over natural ones due to their high surface area, advanced manufacturing processes, high effi ciency, water stability, and

specifi city. The impacts of numerous physicochemical variables, kinetics, and isotherms on adsorption are covered in detail

in this review, along with any associated thermodynamic interpretations. The interpretation of the mechanistic forces behind

the adsorbate-adsorbent binding has been criticized. A comparison of relative effi ciencies between the natural and artifi cial

adsorbents adds some fl avor. Future perspectives for upcoming researchers have been proposed, along with potential fi xes.

This critical analysis shows that among all the methods currently in use, adsorption is the most straightforward, environmentally

benefi cial, economically viable, and sustainable method for treating wastewater in a meaningful manner. The integrated

process still requires more study and development, optimization, and practical application to establish a holistically design

variety of dye treatment methods.