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Language: English

Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received September 20, 2023
Accepted December 14, 2023

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Non-volatile and Stretchable Polyvinyl Chloride-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Capacitive Energy Storage

Seung-Ju Oh Hyeon-Su Park Kanghyun Lee Yu Jin Lee Soomin Park^† Jin Woo Bae^†

Future Convergence Engineering, School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering , Korea University of Technology and Education ¹School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering , Korea University of Technology and Education

smpark@koreatech.ac.kr, jwbae@koreatech.ac.k

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2024, 41(6), 1861-1869(9), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-024-00018-3

Abstract

This study introduces a novel approach to address the growing demand for fl exible energy storage systems in wearable

and human-integrated devices. A fl exible supercapacitor (SC) system is developed using a plasticized polyvinyl chloride

(PVC)-derived ionogel electrolyte. The ionogel consists of PVC, dibutyl adipate (DBA) plasticizer, and 1-ethyl-3-methyl

imidazolium bis(trifl uoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([EMIM] + [TFSI] − ) ionic liquid (IL), off ering impressive properties such as

high stretchability (~ 2050%) and non-volatility. SCs assembled with activated carbon electrodes embedded in the ionogel

exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance. They attain near-100% Coulombic effi ciency (CE) up to 2.0 V and a specifi c

capacitance of up to 64.8 F g −1 , fi nely tuned by modulating the concentration of [EMIM] + [TFSI] − IL. Signifi cantly, the SC

employing the optimized PVC-based ionogel demonstrates exceptional stability over 1000 charge–discharge cycles, maintaining

both capacitance and CE. The non-volatile nature of the ionogel enhances its robustness under ambient conditions,

contributing to long-term stability. Moreover, the potential integration of the PVC-based ionogel with fl exible electrodes

and a malleable current collector hints at the possibility of creating a highly stretchable SC system. This work advances the

fi eld of SC powering fl exible electronics and accelerates their seamless integration into everyday life.

Keywords

Supercapacitor · Solid-state · Ionogel · Polyvinyl chloride · Electrolyte