Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) experience implausible lithium plating, a deterioration in service life, and a decrease in rate

performance at diff erent lithium-ion battery operating conditions, regardless of their substantial advancements in energy

conservation. Lithium plating on the anode electrode surface escalates its performance deterioration and creates safety

risks for LIBs. The main cause of these issues is the limitations in electrochemical kinetics at the electrode and electrolyte

interface. In this study, we emphasize the use of a voltage relaxation profi le analysis to identify the onset of lithium plating

during progressive cycling at various states of charge (SOC) and discharge rates. In addition, we report the utilization of

Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 coatings with diff erent weight percentages on graphite as the new anode electrode materials for LIBs. Anode

electrodes with small percentages of Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 coatings (0.5 wt.%) on graphite did not exhibit any lithium plating even

at 90% SOC at a 4 C discharge rate. This material’s ability to inhibit lithium plating has thus been shown to be better than

that of a graphite anode electrode alone. High-rate capability and cycle life are also obtained using these anode electrode

materials for full cell system. We further demonstrate that diff erential open-circuit voltage (dOCV) analysis is capable of

detecting the onset of Li plating while cycling, suggesting the economic viability of this approach for active Li detection.