Biofi lm formation and growth is a signifi cant concern for water treatment professionals, as it can lead to the contamination

of water systems and pose a threat to public health. Biofi lms are complex communities of microorganisms that adhere

to surfaces and are embedded in an extracellular matrix of polysaccharides and proteins. They are notoriously diffi cult to

control, as they provide a protective environment for bacteria, viruses, and other harmful organisms to grow and proliferate.

This review article highlights some of the factors that favor biofi lm growth, as well as various strategies for controlling biofi

lm in water systems. Adopting the best available technologies, such as wellhead protection programs, proper distribution

system maintenance, and fi ltration and disinfection, can prevent the formation and growth of biofi lms in water systems. A

comprehensive and multi-faceted approach to biofi lm control can reduce the occurrence of biofi lms and ensure the delivery

of high-quality water to consumers.