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트라이클로로에틸렌의 촉매분해반응에 대한 전이금속 산화물 및 담체의 영향

Effect of Supports and Transition Metal Oxides on the Catalytic Decomposition of Trichloroethylene

홍채환 김문현 남인식 김영걸

Hong CW Kim MH Nam IS Kim YG

HWAHAK KONGHAK, April 1998, 36(2), 206-214(9), NONE

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Abstract

Pt 및 전이금속 산화물이 여러 종류의 담체에 담지된 촉매상에서 trichloroethylene(TCE)의 제거반응에 대한 촉매활성 및 반응속도론이 연구되었다. Pt이 담지된 촉매의 경우에는 Pt/TiO₂ 촉매상에서 가장 우수한 TCE 전화율이 관찰되었고, 사용된 담체의 종류에 관계없이 반응 부산물로 perchloroethylene(PCE)이 생성되었다. TiO₂에 담지된 Pt 및 전이금속 산화물 촉매상에서 TCE 제거반응에 대한 그 활성 및 PCE의 생성여부는 담지된 활성성분의 종류에 따라 현저히 달랐다. 즉 400℃의 반응온도에서 각 촉매의 TCE 전화율은 CrO_x(98 %)>MnO_x(79%)>Pt(72%)>CoO_x≈CuO_x(58%)>FeO_x(54%)>NiO_x(49%)의 순으로 관찰되었으며, 특히 350℃ 이하의 저온에서 다른 산화물 촉매에 비하여 CrO_x/TiO₂의 활성이 우수하였다. 또한 CrO_x가 Al₂O₃, HY, activated carbon과 같은 담체상에 담지되었을 때, 그 담체의 종류에 관계없이 반응 부산물로 PCE는 생성되지 않았으나 전 반응온도에 걸쳐서 CrO_x/TiO₂보다 약 10% 정도 낮은 TCE 전화율이 관찰되었다. 따라서 TCE 제거반응을 대하여 CrO_x/TiO₂가 가장 우수한 촉매임을 알 수 있었다. CrO_x/TiO₂상에서 TCE 제거반응에 대한 H₂O의 영향은 반응온도에 따라 다르지만 완전히 가역적이었으며, 촉매표면에 H₂O와 TCE 제거반응에 대한 반응속도식은 TCE의 공급농도에 대하여 1차 함수로 잘 표현될 수 있었으며, 가장 우수한 촉매활성을 나타내는 CrO_x/TiO₂촉매상에서 TCE 제거반응에 대한 활성화 에너지는 약 9.7kca1/mol이며, 이러한 값은 본 연구에서 조사된 같은 반응에 대한 Pt/Al₂O₃ 및 CrO_x/Al₂O₃ 촉매의 경우보다 낮았다.

The oxidative decomposition of trichloroethylene(TCE) over supported platinum and transition metal oxide catalysts was examined in a fixed-bed flow reactor system. When Pt catalysts impregnated on various types of support were employed for the decomposition reaction, the formation of perchloroethylene(PCE) as a by-product was frequently observed during the course of reaction. The Pt/TiO₂ catalyst exhibited a better performance than the Pt impregnated on the other supports. Over the TiO₂-supported catalysts, the decomposition activity depended on the types of active component, and the activity decreased in the order of CrO_x(98 %)>MnO_x(79%)>Pt(72%)>CoO_x≈CuO_x(58%)>FeO_x(54%)>NiO_x(49%) at 400℃. Perchloroethylene was not formed over chromium oxide catalysts, regardless of the types of support employed in the present work. Therefore, CrO_x/TiO₂ catalyst is the most effective for the oxidative decomposition of TCE under the experimental conditions covered in the present study. Although the effect of H₂O on the decomposition of TCE over CrO_x/TiO₂ catalyst depends on the reaction temperature, it is completely reversible during the course of reaction. This indicates that the activity loss of the catalyst under the wet stream is probably due to the competitive adsorption of H₂O and TCE on the catalyst surface. Based upon the decomposition activity of TCE over the catalysts containing 1 to 30 wt% of CrO_x about 10 wt% of the loading is optimal for this action. The reaction kinetics of the oxidative decomposition of TCE over CrO_x/TiO₂ catalyst is first order with respect to its feed concentration with the activation energy of 9.7 kcal/mol which is lower than those over the other catalysts employed in this study.

Keywords

Catalytic Decomposition Trichloroethylene(TCE) CrO_x/TiO₂

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