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환경유해성을 고려한 정량적 환경영향평가방법

Evaluation of Environmental Impact with Environmental Burden Factor

차순우 이종협

Chah S Yi J

HWAHAK KONGHAK, October 1998, 36(5), 732-742(11), NONE

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Abstract

전과정평가(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)는 제품이나 공정의 환경에 대한 잠재적영향을 평가하는 방법으로 알려져 있다. LCA는 목적 및 범위설정, 목록분석, 영향평가, 해석으로 구성되어 있으며, 전과정 단계를 보통 원료수집단계, 제품제조단계, 수송 및 유통단계, 제품사용단계, 재활용 또는 폐기단계로 분류하여 평가한다. 본 연구에서는 전과정에 걸쳐 사용되는 모든 물질 및 에너지가 결국에는 폐기물형태로 배출된다는 점을 바탕으로 하여, 제품 및 공정에 대한 정량적 전과정평가방법을 제시하였다. 배출되는 폐기물의형태를 기상, 액상, 고상 폐기물로 구분하고, 배출되는 각 물질이 환경에 미치는 유해 정도를 평가하기 위한 환경부담지수를 도입하였다. 본 논문에서는 이 방법을 적용하기 위한 방법론이 설명되어 있으며, 전과정이 비슷한 두 제품의 예를 통하여 이 방법을 적용하여, 제품 및 공정에 대하여 환경영향을 분석하였다. 영향평가 결과 각 단계별 환경유해성 정도를 정량화할 수 있었으며, 공정의 개선 가능성에 대한 판단기준을 제시 할 수 있었다.

Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) is known as a method investigating the potential effects of products or any processes on the environments. LCA is composed of goal & scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation. The evaluation stages for the LCA are raw material collection, manufacturing products, transport, usage and recycle or disposal. In this study a LCA methodology is proposed based on the concepts that materials and energy used are converted into various types of wastes and that the wastes generated affect the environment. The wastes released are classified into gaseous, liquid and solid types. The environmental burden factor for each chemical compound in the wastes is introduced to assess the effect of hazardous waste on the environment during the LCA procedure. Results show that the proposed evaluation method of environmental impact in LCA provides the quantified criteria for the improvement of products and processes. A case study is presented to address the advantage of the proposed LCA method.

Keywords

LCA Wastes Environmental Burden

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