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원자힘 주사현미경에 의한 무기물 입자의 특성
Characterization of Inorganic Particles by Atomic Force Microscopy
HWAHAK KONGHAK, December 1999, 37(6), 904-909(6), NONE
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Abstract
AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy, 원자힘 주사 현미경)은 원자수준에서 표면의 형상을 관찰할 수 있는 장치이다. 그러나 무기물 입자의 특성연구에 AFM을 응용한 예는 아직 많이 발표되어 있지 않다. 그 이유는 무기물 입자를 관찰할 경우 시료 표면의 거칠기가 AFM의 주사 한계를 넘어서는 경우가 많고, 탐침의 하전 현상으로 인해 입자를 주사하는 도중 끌고 다니기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 속이 빈 것과 속이 비지 않은 산화아연, 겉이 매끈한 것과 매끈하지 않은 알루미나 입자를 분무 열분해에 의해 제조하여 그 특성을 AFM으로 조사하였다. 이소부틸알코올 용액에 각 입자를 20mg/mL 정도 분산시킨 후 150℃ 전기 오븐에서 한시간 정도 열처리 하면 AFM 주사하는 도중 입자가 움직이는 현상이 없는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 주사하는 조건으로서 비접촉모드엥서 탐침의 스프링 상수가 20-100N/m인 것을 사용할 때, 입자의 3-D 이미지와 페이즈 이미지를 얻을 수 있었고, 산화 아연의 경우 속이 빈 입자와 속이 비지 않은 입자를 구분할 수 있었다. 알루미나의 경우는 SEM에 의해서는 수백 나노미터 수준의 거칠기 길이를 확인하지 못했으나, AFM에 의해서는 수십 나노미터 수준에서의 거칠기 차이를 측정할 수 있었다. Force-distance curve로부터 속이 빈 산화 아연 입자와 속이 비지 않은 산화 아연 입자의 거동이 다른 것을 확인하였다.
AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy) is a device to observe morphology in atomic scale. Applications of AFM for inorganic particle research, however, has not been visible because the roughness of particle sample exceeds the AFM scan limit. Static charging of the tip also makes it dirricult to scan the sample without moving around the particles. In this report, zinc oxide particles of solid and hollow morphology and alumina particles of smooth and rough surfaces were prepared by spray pyrolysis and characterized by AFM. It was found that the particles were not moving when the particles were dispersed in isobutyl alcohol (20mg/ml) and post-treated at 150℃ in an electrical oven for 1 hour. The AFM was operated under the non-contact mode and the tip spring constant was 20-100N/m. Under these conditions, it was possible to obtain 3-D images from all the particle samples and to differentiate solid and hollow particles from the phase images. The several hundred nanometer roughness of alumina particles shown in SEM images was not observed by AFM, but the roughness of several tens of nanometer level was evident in AFM image analysis. It was also confirmed that the force-distance curve behaved differently for the hollow and solid zinc oxide particles.
Keywords
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Aime JP, Elkaakour Z, Odin C, Bouhacina T, Michel D, Curely J, Dautant A, J. Appl. Phys., 76, 754 (1994)
Friedbacher G, Hansma PK, Ramli E, Stucky GD, Science, 253, 1261 (1991)
Scandella L, Kruse N, Prins R, Surf. Sci. Lett., 281, L331 (1993)
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