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사고 예방을 위한 아차사고 관리프로그램 개발
Development of a Near Miss Management System to Prevent Industrial Accident
연세대학교 화학공학과 1한국산업안전공단 화학공장위험설비안전센터
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yonsei University, Korea 1Center for Chemical Plant Safety, Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, Korea
HWAHAK KONGHAK, April 2000, 38(2), 166-172(7), NONE
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Abstract
아차사고란 당사자의 실수나 현장 자체의 결함 등에 의해 사고가 일어날 수 있는 상황이 발생하였으나 다행히 직접적인 사고로 이어지지 않은 상황을 말한다. 중대사고의 예방을 위해 필수적으로 아차사고를 찾아내고 제거해야 한다. 이는 아차사고와 중대재해 사이에는 강력한 연관관계가 존재하기 때문이다. 화학공장에서 발생하는 아차사고의 분석 및 관리를 통해 사업장에서 산업재해를 줄이는 체계적인 방안을 제시한다. 6개월간 A사의 사업장에서 발굴한 2,200건의실체 데이터와 비교하여 그 연관 관계를 입증하였고, 사고 데이터를 분류할 수 있는 상세분류 차트를 작성하였다. 그 결과 하인리히의 중대사고 : 경재해 : 아차사고 = 1 : 29 : 300의 원리와 유사하게 나타났다. 다른 장치나 공정에 비해 상대적으로 더 큰 위협요소를 갖고 있는 공정을 찾아내고 투자우선순위를 결정하여 그 개선 대책을 제시한 후 이의 실행으로 중대사고를 포함한 전반적인 산업 재해를 미연에 방지하는 효율적인 관리 시스템인 yHAMS를 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 한 공장에서 일어난 아차사고를 5가지의 위험수준과 60여가지의 사고원인 형태로 국내 실정에 맞추어 분류하고 분석하였다. 동 사업장에서 그 후 6개월간 yHAMS로 관리하여 1,770건의 데이터를 얻었으며 안전사고의 감소로 나타났다. 결과적으로 아차사고 데이터를 체계적이고 효율적으로 관리하는 방법을 개발하였고 이를 이용하여 화학공장에서 발생하는 산업재해를 줄일 수 있었다.
Near miss is defined as an extraordinary event that could have reasonably resulted in an accident or incident. Near miss must be found and removed for preventing major accident due to the strong relationship between near miss and real accident. This paper suggests a new method of managing accident data, which efficiently handles numerous safety data coming from real chemical processing plants. Actual 2,200 data from petrochemical company A were analyzed and the ''detailed classification sheets'' were produced. The result of the actual data classification was similar to Heinrich''s 1:29:300 theorem. yHAMS(Yonsei Hazard Analysis Management System) was developed to classify and identify potential hazards and suggest the prority of investment of improve the safety of the plant. The data classification method was improved to adapt domestic accident situation and the result was 5 major and 60 detailed classes. The system was applied to another 1,770 accident data during the next six months and the number of safety accidents was sharply decreased. yHAMS was proved to be effective in reducing safety accidents in a chemical plant through efficient management of near misses.
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