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촉매층의 제조 방법이 고분자 전해질 연료전지의 성능에 미치는 영향

Effect of Preparation Method of Catalytic Layer on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

이정규 하흥용 홍성안 전해수¹ 임태원² 오인환^†

Jeong-Kyu Lee Heung Yong Ha Seong-Ahn Hong Hai-Soo Chun¹ Tae Won Lim² In-Hwan Oh^†

한국과학기술연구원 전지/연료전지 연구센터 ¹고려대학교 화학공학과 ²현대자동차 선행개발센터 연료전지개발팀

Battery and Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea ¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Korea ²Fuel Cell Vehicle Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Korea

oih@kistmail.re.kr

HWAHAK KONGHAK, February 2001, 39(1), 109-115(7), NONE

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Abstract

고분자 전해질 연료전지의 전극성능을 향상시키기 위하여 전극의 조성 및 구조가 전극 성능에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 전극의 성능은 촉매층내 전해질 이오노머의 조성과 분포에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받았으며, 전극내 전체 이오노머의 양을 촉매층 무게에 대하여 1/3 첨가하고, 전체 이오노머 중에서 촉매층내에 1/4, 전해질 막과 촉매층 계면에 3/4으로 이오노머를 분포시키는 것이 최적 조건임을 알 수 있었다. 전극용 촉매잉크 제조시 전해질 용해법 대신 콜로이드법을 사용하면 전극의 수소이온 전도도와 반응물 확산속도가 증가되어 전극성능이 향상되었다. 전극 제조법에 따른 성능변화는 순환 전위법과 임피던스 측정법 등의 전기화학 분석법이나 저항층을 이용한 전극성능 분석법 등을 통해 확인하였다.

The performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) has investigated by varying composition of the electrodes which consist of catalyst and proton-conductive ionomer. Their performance appeared to be significantly affected by the total amount and the distribution of the ionomer in the electrodes. The best performance was obtained when the ionomer content was 1/3 of the total amount of the catalyst(by weight); but, 1/4 of the ionomer was inside the catalytic layer and 3/4 at the interface between the catalytic layer and polymer electrolyte membrane. The performance of the electrodes was also influenced by the preparation method of catalyst inks which were composed of solvent, catalyst powders and ionomer solution, in such a manner that the so called "colloidal method" showed better results than did the conventional "solution method". The former method appeared to secure continuity of the ionomer network and also a higher porosity in the catalytic layer, resulting in a higher proton conductivity and a less mass transfer resistance. The effect of preparation methods was investigated by employing the various electrochemical analysis techniques.

Keywords

Fuel Cells PEMFC Electrode Colloidal Method Ionomer

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