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유동층 연소로에서 고체 폐기물 연료의 열분해 및 연소 특성 비교

Combustion Characteristics of Waste Fuels in a Fluidized Bed

최진환 이상득 최상민^†

Jin Hwan Choi Sang Deuk Lee Sang Min Choi^†

한국과학기술원 기계공학과, 대전 305-701

Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

smchoi@kaist.ac.kr

HWAHAK KONGHAK, August 2002, 40(4), 523-528(6), NONE

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Abstract

가연분의 대부분이 휘발분인 고체 폐기물의 소각에서 탈휘발 과정과 휘발분의 연소 과정에 대한 정보는 고체 폐기물 연소로를 설계하고 운전하는 데 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구 목적은 폐기물 고체 연료의 종류에 따른 연소 특성 변화를 유동층 설계의 관점에서 평가하는 것이다. 고체 폐기물의 열분해/연소 특성을 실험적으로 조사하기 위해 제작된 시험 유동층 베드에서 단입자 유동층 연소조건을 재현하였고, 이 장치를 이용하여 연료 입자의 반응 과정을 관찰하였다. 연구 대상 연료로 나무, 제지 슬러지, 하수 슬러지 그리고 폐기물 재생 연료를 선정하였다. 등온(700 ℃)으로 유지되는 유동층 연소로에 지름이 수 cm인 연료 입자를 투입하였다. 연소 반응 후 가스상으로 배출되는 CO, CxHy, CO2 농도를 연소실 출구에서 연속적으로 측정하여 반응 특성을 탈휘발, 촤 연소로 구분하여 확인하였다. 연료의 수분함량 변화가 연소 과정에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았고, 입자의 크기가 반응에 미치는 영향을 평가함으로써 입자의 크기가 분쇄에 의해 작아지는 효과를 확인하였다. 실험적으로 확인된 연료의 연소 특성이 유동층 설계에 있어서 갖는 의미를 평가하고 연소 특성을 고려한 설계 방안을 제시하였다.

The information on the processes of volatile combustion and devolatilization is important in designing and operating the combustor of solid waste fuels of which volatile proportion in the combustible is very high. The aims were to compare the reactions of the waste fuels having different origin and to sort out their own distinguishable characteristics that are important in designing the FBC(fluidized bed combustor). Waste fuels were selected to examine their characteristics of pyrolysis and combustion in a laboratory scale combustor in which a nearly single particle combustion condition was reproduced. Wood, paper sludge, sewage sludge and RDF were selected and the fuel particles whose characteristic lengths were a few centimeters_x000D_ were injected into a fluidizing environment of 700 ℃ sand in the thermally maintained reactor. By introducing some experimental parameters such as the rate and the fraction of carbon conversion, the combustion characteristics of the fuels were checked for the two separated processes of devolatilization and char combustion. Additional experimental work was carried out to determine the influence of the high water content of sludge fuels on its combustion process. The comminution effects on the combustion process of the large fuel particle were rechecked by performing the experiments for the wood particles of various size. The meanings of the fuel combustion characteristics in designing of FBC were checked and some design strategies were suggested.

Keywords

Devolatilization Solid Waste Fuel Char Combustion FBC

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