수포작용제의 일종인 sulfur mustard(HD, bis 2-chloroethylsulfide)를 무해한 물질로 전환하기 위한 공정 운영조건을 찾기 위하여 물에 의한 HD 가수분해 반응을 연구하고 분석절차를 수립하였다. 반응은 2단계로 진행하였다. 먼저, HD 10~20 wt%를 90 ℃ 물에서 2시간 동안 가수분해 한 후 상온에서 가성소다 수용액(2.1 당량)을 주입하면서 반응시간에 따른 HD의 농도변화를 측정하였다. 이 실험조건에서 HD의 분해효율은 99.99% 이상 이었으며 가수분해 후의 최종 분해물질은 thiodiglycol 68 wt%, 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)ethane 8 wt% 및 bis(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)ether 24 wt% 이었다.

The hydrolysis reaction of sulfur mustard(HD, bis 2-chloroethylsulfide), one type of the blister agents was studied in water to find the operation conditions which can convert HD into less toxic compounds. The reaction was proceeded into two steps. First, 10~20 wt% of HD was hydrolyzed in water at 90 ℃ for 2 hr and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution(2.1 eq) was subsequently added to the reaction mixture at room temperature. The efficiency of HD hydrolysis at this experimental conditions was greater than 99.99% and the final degradation products of HD were 68 wt% of thiodiglycol, 8 wt% of 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)ethane and 24 wt% of bis(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)ether.

Sulfur Mustard HD Hydrolysis Chemical Warfare Agent

Somani SM, Chemical Warfare Agents, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2001)
Fact Sheets, The U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency(CMA), http://www.cma,army.mil
U. S. National Research Council, “Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons, Appendix D,” National Academic Press, Washington D.C., USA (1999)
National Research Council, “Interim Design Assessment for the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant,” National Academic Press, Washington D.C. (2005)
Chemical Weapons Convention, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. http://www.opcw.nl
NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Destruction of Chemical Weapons: Report of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Destruction of Military Toxic Waste, Naaldwijik, Netherlands, May(1994). http://www.opcw.nl/chemhaz/arwnaal1.htm
Workshop on Advances in the Alternative Demilitarization Technologies, Reston, Virginia, U.S.A. (1995)
Lee JC, J. Kor. Soc. Wast. Man., 16(3), 217 (1999)
Yang YC, Baker JA, Ward JR, Chem. Rev., 92, 1729 (1992)
Yang YC, Szafraniec LL, Beaudry WT, Ward JR, J. Org. Chem., 53, 3293 (1988)
Harvey SP, Beaudry WT, Bossell PC, Kolakowski JE, Procell LR, Rohrbaugh DL, Sorrick DC, Stroup AN, Szafraniec LL, Yang YC, Wagner GW, ERDEC-TR-385, Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center, APG, U.S.A. (1997)
Harvey SP, Kolakowski JE, Sumpter KB, Szafraniec LL, Harley MV, Rohrbaugh DK, ECBC-TR-121, Chemical Biologcal Center, APG, U.S.A. (2000)
Gupta AK, Dubey DL, Kaushik MP, J. Hazard. Mater., B139, 154 (2007)
Lee JC, Lee YH, Park H, Choi SJ, HWAHAK KONGHAK, 41(4), 464 (2003)
Yoon Y, Choi HH, Chung ST, Choe S, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 14(8), 1051 (2003)
Lee YH, Lee JC, Hong D, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 45(2), 172 (2007)
Irvine DA, Early JP, Cassidy DP, Harvey SP, Water Sci. Technol., 35(1), 67 (1997)
Creasy WR, Stuff JR, Williams B, Morrissey K, Mays J, Duevel R, Durst HD, J. Chromatogr. A, 774, 253 (1997)
D’Agostino PA, Hancock JR, Chenier CL, J. Chromatogr. A, 1058, 97 (2004)
Hanaoka S, Nomura K, Wada T, J. Chromatogr. A, 1101, 268 (2006)