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Received April 10, 2007
Accepted May 23, 2007
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막의 재질에 따른 막오염 특성 및 물리·화학적 세척의 영향
Effect of Membrane Materials on Membrane Fouling and Membrane Washing
부경대학교 건성공학부, 608-739 부산시 남구 용당동 산 100 1울산산업진흥테크노파크 전략산업기획단, 683-804 울산시 북구 연암동 758-2 중소기업종합지원센터 5층 2부산시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소, 621-813 경남 김해시 상동면 매리 421-1
Division of Construction Engineering, Pukyong National University, San 100, Yongdang-dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608-739, Korea 1Ulsan Regional Innovation Agency, Ulsan Industry Promotion Techno Park, 5F, 758-2 Ulsan Business Support Center, Yeonarm-dong, Buk-gu, Ulsan 683-804, Korea 2Water Quality Research Institute, Waterworks Headquarter, 421-1, Mae-ri, Sandong-myeon, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-813, Korea
cwjung@uria.or.kr
Korean Chemical Engineering Research, October 2007, 45(5), 500-505(6), NONE Epub 5 November 2007
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Abstract
본 연구에서는 막의 재질에 따른 막오염 특성과 물리·화학적 세척에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 막의 재질에 대한 막오염 특성을 조사하기 위하여 정적흡착실험과 일정 압력하에서 흡착실험을 병행하여 실험을 수행하였다. UF 막의 재질특성에 따른 정적흡착 실험값을 회귀분석한 결과, 소수성과 친수성 유기물질의 시간에 따른 흡착 특성은 소수성 재질의 막이 친수성 재질의 막보다 빠른 흡착특성을 보였다. 막의 재질에 따른 유기물 성상별 흡착실험 결과, 막의 재질에 상관없이 소수성 유기물질의 흡착율이 친수성 유기물질보다 더 빠른 흡착율을 보였다. 또한 막의 표면과 공극속에서 발생하는 유기물의 흡착 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 일정한 압력하에서 시간에 따른 흡착 특성을 살펴본 결과 정적흡착실험 결과와 유사하게 친수성 재질의 막보다 소수성 재질의 막에서 더 빠른 흡착율을 보이고 있다. 막에 재질에 따른 흡착실험 후 투과 flux 변화와 flux 회복율에 대한 실험결과, 친수성 재질의 막의 경우 소수성 재질의 막에 비하여 투과 flux 감소율은 낮게 나타났으며 물리·화학적 세척의 영향에서도 물리적인 세척후 효과적인 회복율을 나타내었으며 화학적인 세척의 영향은 거의 없었다. 친수성 재질의 막의 경우 막자체의 고유저항(Rm)이 크게 나타나고 있으며 소수성 재질의 막의 경우 케이크에 의한 저항과 물리·화학적 세척에도 회복되지 않는 비가역적 저항이 크게 나타나고 있다. 따라서 친수성 재질의 막의 경우 막표면 오염이 주가 되며 소수성 재질의 막의 경우 막표면 오염과 공극 오염이 동시에 발생함을 알 수 있었다.
The objectives of this research were to (1) identify the membrane fouling potential due to different fractions of NOM (2) correlate the physicochemical properties of NOM and membranes with the adsorption of humic substances on membrane (4) find out the effect of membrane physical and chemical washing according to membrane material. The static adsorption test and adsorption test showed that hydrophobic organics adsorbed much more quickly than hydrophilic organics. In case of the effect of membrane properties on the adsorption of organic fractions, the adsorption rate ratio(a) of hydrophobic membrane (0.016, 0.077) was greater than that of hydrophilic membrane (0.010, 0.033) regardless of the kind of organic fractions. This suggests that the UF membrane fouling were occurred mainly by internal pore size decreasing due to adsorption of organic into pore surface for hydrophobic membrane, and by sieving of organics and forming a gel layer on the membrane surface for hydrophilic membrane. In conclusion, the decrease in the pore volume, which was caused by the organic adsorption into the internal pore, was greater with the hydrophobic membrane than with the hydrophilic membrane. In case of the effect of membrane properties on permeate flux, the rate of flux decline for the hydrophobic membrane was significantly greater than that for the hydrophilic membrane.
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Mackey ED, Fouling of Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration Membranes by Dissolved Organic Matter, Dissertation, Rice University, Envi. Sci. & Eng., Houston (1999)
Nilson JA, DiGiano FA, J. AWWA, 53 (1996)
Tipping E, Ohnstad M, Chem. Geol., 44(4), 349 (1984)
Jones KL, O'Melia CR, J. Membr. Sci., 165(1), 31 (2000)
Matthiason E, J. Membr. Sci., 16(1), 23 (1983)
Jucker C, Clark MM, J. Membr. Sci., 97, 37 (1994)
Lindau J, Jonsson AS, Wimmerstedt R, J. Membr. Sci., 106(1-2), 9 (1995)
Mourot P, Oliver M, Sep. Sci. Technol., 24(6), 353 (1989)
Cheryan M, Ultrafiltration Handbook. Technomic Publ., Lancaster, Pa (1986)
Porter MC, Indus. Engrg. Chem., 11(3), 234 (1989)
Fane MC, Fell CJ, Waters AG, J. Membr. Sci., 9(3), 245 (1981)
