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Received February 21, 2009
Accepted March 11, 2009
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배출량산정모델과 다중매질모델링을 이용한 환경오염물질의 노출평가 및 위해도 평가
Prediction of Exposure and Risks of Environmental Pollutants via Emission Assessment and Multimedia Transport Modeling
서울대학교 화학생물공학부, 151-742 서울시 관악구 신림동 산56-1 1아주대학교 화학공학과, 433-749 경기도 수원시 영통구 원천동 산5번지
Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Wonchen-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 433-749, Korea
Korean Chemical Engineering Research, April 2009, 47(2), 248-257(10), NONE Epub 6 May 2009
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Abstract
본 연구에서는 배출량산정모델과 다중매질모델을 활용하여 환경오염물질의 노출도를 예측하였으며 위해도를 평가하였다. 연구대상 화학물질로써 8종(아세트알데히드(acetaldehyde), 아크릴로니트릴(acrylonitrile), 아닐린(aniline), 벤젠(benzene), 사염화탄소(carbon tetrachloride), 디클로로메탄(dichloromethane), 포름알데히드(formaldehyde), 염화비닐(vinyl chloride))의 물질을 선택하였으며, 대상지역은 공단지역을 포함하는 도심 지역을 선택하였다. 배출량은 지리지형정보를 활용하여 점배출원과 비점배출원을 동시에 고려하여 산정하였으며, 다중매질모델은 지역적 특성을 반영할 수 있는 모델을 선택하였다. 유해성 자료는 미국 환경청의 IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System) 유해성 데이터베이스를 활용하였다. 모델링 자료와 유해성 자료를 이용하여 위해성을 평가한 결과, 물질별로 위해도가 높은 지역을 발견할 수 있었으며 우선적으로 관리해야 할 물질을 선별할 수 있었다.
In this paper, human exposure and risk of environmental pollutants were predicted using an emission assessment model and multimedia fate model. Eight environmental pollutants, acetaldehyde, acrylonitrile, aniline, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, formaldehyde and vinyl chloride, were selected for the risk assessment in an urban and industrial area in Korea. The emission rate of target pollutants were estimated after considering a variety of_x000D_
point and non-point emission sources including geographical information. A spatially refined multimedia fate model was applied to predict the environmental concentration and fate of pollutants. Hazard data of target materials were obtained from the IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System) database. Using the modeling results with hazard data, the human risks were assessed. Modeling results demonstrate that the considerable risks were observed for several pollutants.
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Buzcu-Guven B, Fraser MP, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5032 (2008)
Kim NT, Martel OM, Pongkiatkul P, Berkowicz R, Atmos. Res., 89, 223 (2008)
Prrish DD, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2288 (2006)
Skjoth CA, Geels C, Hvidberg M, Hertel O, Brandt J, Frohn LM, Hansen KM, Hedegard GB, Christensen JH, Moseholm L, Ecol. Model., 217, 292 (2008)
Wang H, Chen C, Huang C, Fu L, Sci. Tot. Environ., 398, 60 (2008)
Toxic Release Inventory Support System, http://tri.nier.go.kr.
Korea Chemicals Management Association webpage, http://www.kcma.or.kr.
Traffic Monitoring System, http://www.road.re.kr.
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National Air Pollutants Emission, http://airemiss.nier.go.kr.
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Mackay D, Environ. Sci. Technol., 13, 1219 (1979)
Mackay D, Diamond M, Chemosphere, 18, 1343 (1989)
Mackay D, Paterson M, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 427 (1991)
van de Meent D, SimpleBOX: A Generic Multi-media Fate Evaluation Model. RIVM Report No. 6727200001. Bilthoven, The Netherlands (1993)
Deviller J, Bintein S, Chemosphere, 30, 457 (1995)
Fenner K, Scheringer M, Hungerbuhler K, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3809 (2000)
Tao S, Yang Y, Cao HY, Liu WX, Coveney RM, Xu FL, Cao J, Li BG, Wang XJ, Hu JY, Fang JY, Environ. Pollut., 139, 183 (2006)
Cousins IT, Mackay D, Chemosphere, 44, 643 (2001)
Suzuki N, Murasawa K, Sakurai T, Nansai K, Matsuhashi K, Moriguchi Y, Tanabe K, Nakasugi O, Morita M, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 5682 (2004)
Wania F, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 3, 39 (1996)
Woodfine D, Macleod M, Mackay D, Environ. Pollut., 119, 341 (2002)
Zhang Q, Crittenden JC, Sonnard D, Mihelcic JR, Chemosphere, 50, 1377 (2003)
Prevedouros K, MacLeod M, Jones KC, Sweetman AJ, Environ. Pollut., 128, 251 (2004)
Luo Y, Gao Q, Yang X, J. Environ. Manage., 83, 44 (2007)
Yi J, Shin CB, Lee WG, Development of National Pollution Map using Multi-media Fate Model with Emission Inventories for the Construction of Pollutant Source Management System, ECO-Technopia-21 project of Ministry of Environmental, Korea, 091051039 (2008)
USEPA, Integrated Risk Information System(IRIS), http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm.
Dai J, Rocke DM, Environ. Model. Soft., 15, 293 (2000)
Mackay D, Multimedia Environmental Fate Model: The Fugacity Approach, Second ed. Lewis publishers, Boca Raton, Florida (2001)
Korea Meterological Administration webpage, http://www.kma. go.kr.
Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN, Atmopspheric Chemistry and Physics from Air Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, INC., New York (1998)
Water Management Information System, http://www.wamis.go.kr.
Jenson SK, Domingue JO, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 54, 1593 (1988)
Maidment DR, ARC Hydro - GIS for Water Resources, First ed. ESRI Press, Redlands, California (2002)
Chapra SC, Surface Water-quality Modeling, Second ed. McGraw-Hill, New York( (1997)
Priemer DA, Diamond ML, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1004 (2002)
Trapp S, Matthies M, Chemodynamics and Environmental Modeling: An Introduction. First ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (1998)
National Institute of Environmental Research, http://www.nier.go.kr.
