본 연구에서는 원료 유지로 산가 0.68 mgKOH/g, 수분 함량 0.09%, 고형물 함량 0.13%, 인 함량 40 ppm가량의 crude canola oil을 바이오디젤의 원료유로 활용하기 위하여 인 함량을 10 ppm 이하로 낮추는 탈검 공정을 수행하였다. Crude canola oil을 바이오디젤의 원료유로 사용하기 위해 수용성 탈검과 phospholipase A2를 탈검제로 하는 효소 탈검 공정을 비교하는 실험을 수행하였으며, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 바이오디젤의 원료유로써 조건을 만족시키는 탈검 방법을 선정하고 반응 조건을 확립하였다. 수용성 탈검의 경우에는 증류수 사용량 oil 대비 2 wt%, 반응온도 30℃ , 교반 속도 900 rpm 에서 탈검 효율이 다른 조건에 비하여 높았으며, 반응 시간은 30분이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. Phospholipase A2 를 탈검제로 사용하는 효소 탈검의 경우에는 인 함량결과를 보면 모든 조건에서 비슷한 탈검 효율을 나타내었다. 그리하여 산가 분석을 실시한 결과, 효소 투입량 oil 대비 90 ppm, pH 5, 반응 온도 50 ℃ 에서의 탈검 효율이 다른 조건과 비해 우수하였다. 수용성 탈검과 효소 탈검을 비교해 보면, 효소 탈검이 효율이 높았으나 바이오디젤의 원료유를 생산하는 목적의 경우, 반응시간, 공정의 경제성을 고려할 때 수용성 탈검을 선택하는 것이 유리하다고 판단되었다.

In this study, degumming process was carried out for reducing to less than 10 ppm of phosphorus contents and primary properties of crude canola oil including 0.64 mgKOH/g of acid value, 0.09% of water contents, 0.13% of insoluble impurities, and 40 ppm of phosphorus contents. Efficiency of water degumming and enzymatic degumming was compared for the selection of suitable process obtaining feedstock of biodiesel. Degumming method was determined for preparation of raw material of biodiesel, and reaction conditions were also established. The most effective conditions for water degumming were 2% distilled water (w/w oil), 30 ℃ of reaction temperature, 900 rpm of agitation speed, and 30 min of reaction time, respectively. In case of enzymatic degumming, optimal conditions were found to be 90 ppm of phospholipase A2 (w/w oil), 50 ℃ of reaction temperature at pH 5, respectively. When comparing water degumming with enzymatic degumming, efficiency of enzymatic degumming was better than water degumming. However, water degumming method was much more suitable for the production of biodiesel feedstock considering reaction time and process feasibility.

Crude Canola Oil Phospholipid Water Degumming Enzymatic Degumming

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