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Received January 7, 2016
Accepted March 15, 2016
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친수성을 가지는 에틸셀룰로스-폴리에틸렌글리콜 가지형 고분자의 정삼투 복합막 지지층으로의 응용
Thin-Film Composite (TFC) Membranes with Hydrophilic Ethyl Cellulose-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (EP) Substrates for Forward Osmosis (FO) Application
서울대학교 화학생물공학부, 08826 서울시 관악구 관악로 1 1동아대학교 화학공학과, 49315 부산시 사하구 낙동대로 550번길 37
School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Korea
jongchan@snu.ac.kr
Korean Chemical Engineering Research, August 2016, 54(4), 510-518(9), 10.9713/kcer.2016.54.4.510 Epub 2 August 2016
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Abstract
본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌글리콜-카르복실산과 에틸셀룰로스 사이의 에스테르화 반응을 통해 에틸셀룰로스-폴리에틸렌글리콜 가지형 고분자를 합성하고 이를 정삼투 수처리 공정을 위한 복합막의 지지체 소재로 사용하고자 하였다. 합성한 에틸셀룰로스-폴리에틸렌글리콜은 핵자기공명 분광법 및 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법을 통해 그 구조를 확인하였다. 비용매 유도 상분리법을 통해 에틸셀룰로스-폴리에틸렌글리콜 소재를 이용한 지지체를 형성하여 이를 에티셀룰로스 지지체와 비교해 보았을 때, 폴리에틸렌글리콜 작용기의 도입으로 인하여 친수성이 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 지지체 위에 계면중합을 통해 폴리아미드 활성층이 추가된 복합막을 형성하였고, 염화나트륨 용액을 유도 용액으로 사용하여 cross-flow 방식의 정삼투 수처리 장치에서의 성능을 비교하였다. 2M 농도의 염화나트륨 수용액을 유도 용액으로 사용하였을 때, 6.6 LMH의 수투과도를 보이는 에틸셀룰로스 지지체를 사용한 복합막에 비해, 에틸셀룰로스-폴리에틸렌글리콜 지지체를 사용한 복합막은 15.7 LMH의 증가된 수투과도를 보여주었으며, 이는 지지체의 증가된 친수성에서 기인한 것이다. 이러한 결과는 에틸셀룰로스-폴리에틸렌글리콜 지지체를 이용한 복합막의 막구조 파라미터가 감소한 것에서도 설명할 수 있으며, 지지체 소재의 친수성 증가가 정삼투 공정에 최적화된 복합막 지지체 구조를 형성할 수 있음을 시사한다.
Ethyl cellulose-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (EP) was synthesized by esterification of carboxylic acid functionalized methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG-COOH) with ethyl cellulose (EC) in order to develop a hydrophilic substrate for thin-film composite (TFC) membrane in a forward osmosis (FO) system. A porous EP substrate, fabricated by a non-solvent induced phase separation method, was found to be more hydrophilic than the EC substrate due to the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains in the EP. Since the EP substrate exhibits smaller water contact angles and higher porosity, the structural parameter (S) of TFC-EP is smaller than that of TFC-EC, indicating that internal concentration polarization (ICP) within porous substrates can occur less when TFC-EP is used as a membrane. For example, the water flux value of the TFC-EP is 15.7 LMH, whereas the water flux value of the TFC-EC is only 6.6 LMH. Therefore, we strongly believe that the TFC-EP could be a promising candidate with good FO performances.
Keywords
References
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Kessler JO, Moody CD, Desalination, 18, 297 (1976)
Ahmad AL, Abdulkarim AA, Ismail S, Seng OB, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33(3), 997 (2016)
McGinnis RL, Elimelech M, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8625 (2008)
Miller JE, Evans LR, “Forward Osmosis: A New Approach to Water Purification and Desalination,” Sandia National Laboratories Report, 1-51(2006).
Chung TS, Zhang S, Wang KY, Su JC, Ling MM, Desalination, 287, 78 (2012)
Chen GE, Sun L, Xu ZL, Yang H, Hunag HH, Liu YJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32(12), 2492 (2015)
Lee KW, Han MJ, Nam ST, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 52(3), 328 (2014)
McCutcheon JR, Elimelech M, J. Membr. Sci., 284(1-2), 237 (2006)
Gray GT, McCutcheon JR, Elimelech M, AAPG Bull., 197, 1 (2006)
Mehta GD, Loeb S, J. Membr. Sci., 4, 335 (1979)
Yip NY, Tiraferri A, Phillip WA, Schiffman JD, Elimelech M, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 3812 (2010)
Chou SR, Shi L, Wang R, Tang CYY, Qiu CQ, Fane AG, Desalination, 261(3), 365 (2010)
Widjojo N, Chung TS, Weber M, Maletzko C, Warzelhan V, J. Membr. Sci., 383(1-2), 214 (2011)
Ma N, Wei J, Qi SR, Zhao Y, Gao YB, Tang CYY, J. Membr. Sci., 441, 54 (2013)
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Ghosh AK, Jeong BH, Huang XF, Hoek EMV, J. Membr. Sci., 311(1-2), 34 (2008)
Xie M, Price WE, Nghiem LD, Sep. Purif. Technol., 93, 107 (2012)
Han G, Chung TS, Toriida M, Tamai S, J. Membr. Sci., 423, 543 (2012)
Zhou ZZ, Lee JY, Chung TS, Chem. Eng. J., 249, 236 (2014)
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