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Received January 28, 2019
Accepted March 5, 2019
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Tuning of Electro-optical Properties of Nano-structured SnO2:Ga Powders in a Micro Drop Fluidized Reactor
Greenhouse Gas Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, 34129, Korea 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea 2Advanced Materials & Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin, 17180, Korea
Korean Chemical Engineering Research, April 2019, 57(2), 259-266(8), 10.9713/kcer.2019.57.2.259 Epub 5 April 2019
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Abstract
Tuning of electro-optical properties of nano-structured SnO2:Ga powders in a micro drop fluidized reactor (MDFR) was highly effective to enhance the activities of powders to be used as sensor materials. The tuning was conducted continuously in a facile one-step process during the formation of powders. The microscopic hydrodynamic forces affected the band gap structure and charge transfer of SnO2:Ga powders through the oxygen and interfacial tin vacancies by providing plausible pyro-hydraulic conditions, which resulted in the decrease in the electrical resistance of the materials. The analyses of room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra and FT-IR exhibited that the tuning could improve the surface activities of SnO2:Ga powders by adjusting the excitation as well as separation of electrons and holes, thus maximizing the oxygen vacancies at the surface of the powders. The scheme of photocatalytic mechanism of SnO2:Ga powders was also discussed.
Keywords
References
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Bonu V, Das A, Prasad AK, Krishna NG, Dhara S, Tyagi AK, Appl. Phys. Lett., 105, 243102 (2014)
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Snaith HJ, Ducati C, Nano Lett., 10, 1259 (2010)
Dai SD, Yao ZL, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258(15), 5703 (2012)
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Bhattacharjee A, Ahmaruzzaman M, Mater. Lett., 139, 418 (2014)
Guan Y, Wang D, Zhou X, Sun P, Wang H, Ma J, Lu G, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 191, 45 (2014)
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Gurakar S, Serin T, Serin N, Adv. Mater. Lett., 5(6), 309 (2014)
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Ko YN, Park SB, Jung KY, Kang YC, Nano Lett., 13, 5462 (2013)
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Yoo DJ, Lim DH, Kang Y, Lee CG, Kang GM, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 50(1), 21 (2017)
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Li F, Yu K, Lou LL, Su Z, Liu S, Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol., 172(2), 136 (2010)
Liu H, Cao W, Su Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 111, 271 (2011)
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Rani S, Roy SC, Bhatnagar MC, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 122(1), 204 (2007)
Fukui K, Nakane M, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 25(1-3), 486 (1995)
Zhang T, Liu L, Qi Q, Li S, Lu G, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 139, 287 (2009)
Liu Z, Sun DD, Guo P, Leckie JO, Nano Lett., 7(4), 1081 (2007)
Kumar PSS, Manivel A, Anandan S, Water Sci. Technol., 59(7), 1423 (2009)
Wang H, Niu J, Long X, He Y, Ultrason. Sonochem., 15(4), 386 (2008)
Reddy CV, Babu B, Shim J, Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol., 223, 131 (2017)
Baranauskas V, Fontana M, Guo ZJ, Ceragioli HJ, Peterlevitz AC, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 107, 474 (2005)
Gnanam S, Rajendran V, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 56, 128 (2010)
Long DA, “Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies,” 3rded. Wiley, NY, (2001).
Farahani H, Wagiran R, Hamidon MN, Sensors, 14(5), 7881 (2014)
Bonu V, Das A, Amirthapandian S, Dhara S, Tyagi A, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 9774 (2015)
Chikhale LP, Patil JY, Rajgure AV, Shaikh FI, Mulla IS, Suryavanshi SS, Measurement, 57, 46 (2014)
Xiong Y, Zhang GZ, Zhang SP, Zeng DW, Xie CS, Mater. Res. Bull., 52, 56 (2014)
Vamathevan V, Amal R, Beydoun D, Low G, McEvoy S, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 148(1-3), 233 (2002)
