산화질소(NO)가 혈관 확장, 혈소판 응집 억제, 면역 반응 조절, 상처 치료, 항암 등의 주요 병리 생리학적 프로세스에 관여한다는 사실이 밝혀지면서 최근 산화질소 전달에 대한 국내외 연구진들의 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 인체에 이상적으로 적용될 수 있는 산화질소 전달체의 개발은 산화질소의 높은 반응성과 짧은 반감기로 인하여 여전히 난제로 남아 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 산화질소 전달체 중에서도 최근 바이오메디컬 분야에서 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있는 나노 구조체를 이용한 전달체의 연구 결과 및 응용 방향에 대해서 소개하고자 한다. 나노 크기의 구조체가 다른 전달체와 비교하여 가지는 장점은 표면 대 부피 비율이 높아 산화질소를 효율적으로 탑재할 수 있고, 표면 개조 능력이 뛰어나 산화질소의 방출 양상을 효과적으로 제어할 수 있다는 것이다. 특히 이 글에서는 다양한 나노 구조체중에서도 나노입자 형태, 마이크로에멀젼 형태, 그리고 다층필름 형태의 나노 구조체에 대해서 다룸으로써 각 구조체의 산화질소 방출 양상을 비교하고 그 특징에 대해서 자세히 알아보고자 한다. 이와 같은 나노 구조체의 개발은 산화질소의 급격한 방출을 방지하고 지효성을 띠게 함으로써 타겟 부위에서의 효과를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 더 나아가 차후 다양한 바이오메디컬 분야에서 유망한 치료 기제로서 적용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

The discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as a major signaling molecule in a number of pathophysiological processes . vasodilation, immune response, platelet aggregation, wound repair, and cancer biology - has led to the development of various exogeneous NO delivery systems. However, the development of ideal delivery system for human body application is still left as a challenge due to its high reactivity and short half-life in physiological condition. In this article, an overview of several nano-structures as potential NO delivery system will be presented, along with their recent research results and biomedical applications. Nano-size delivery system has immense advantages compared to others due to its high surface-to-volume ratio and capability for surface modification; thus, it has been proven to be effective in delivering nitric oxide with enhanced performance. Through this novel nano-structure delivery system, we are expecting to achieve sustained release of nitric oxide within adequate range of concentration, which ensures desired drug effects at the target site. Among different nano-structures, in particular, nanoparticle, microemulsion and nanofilm will be reviewed and compared to each other in respect of nitric oxide release profile. The proposed nano-structures for exogeneous NO delivery have a biological significance in that it can be further utilized in diverse biomedical fields as a highly promising therapeutic method.

Nano structure Nitric oxide Release profile Biomedical

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